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Technician Class Question Pool valid 2006 - 2010Re-release of the 2006 Element 2 Technician Class Question Pool To all interested parties: The QPC strives to maintain the highest standards of accuracy in the question pools provided by this committee, but unfortunately, as in many human endeavors, perfection is an elusive goal. A few additional errors were discovered in the 2006 Element 2 pool after the initial release. Most of these errors were simple typographic problems, but in at least 3 cases the errors were significant enough that the QPC decided to remove the entire question from the pool. In 3 more cases, a question was substantially re-worded. Accordingly, the 2006 Element 2 pool is being re-released to the public on this date. Previous versions should not be used in any form, and should be discarded entirely. Only the version dated February 6, 2006 is to be used. Hopefully, no additional errors will be discovered, but if that should happen, then any subsequent changes will be handled by deletion of the affected question. The Question Pool Committee apologizes to all users for this second release of the question pool and any inconvenience it might have caused. The following questions have been removed. Subsequent questions in the affected sections are not to be renumbered. T3B11 There are 392 questions in this pool. There are no graphics files required for this pool. If you have an issue with any particular question, please send your input to the question pool committee using the following email address: qpcinput@ncvec.org Jim Wiley, KL7CC Committee members: Perry Green, WY1O Errata sheet - 2006 Element 2 pool The following questions were edited in some fashion from their original form, or removed from the original issue of the pool. Question Error reported Action taken T1C02 Incorrect grammar in distractor B Corrected T2B09 Incorrect Part 97 reference Corrected T2C04 Incorrect Part 97 reference Corrected T2D03 Incorrect Part 97 reference Corrected T3B07 Missing Part 97 reference Reference inserted T3B11 Error in FCC rule database Question withdrawn T3C09 Suggested answer is incorrect Correct answer is "D" T3C10 Missing punctuation in question Comma inserted T4E02 Two answers labeled as "B" Correction supplied T4E07 Grammar error in question Revised text T5D06 Deleted question. T5D11 Grammar error in question Revised text T6A04 Grammar error in question Inserted word "is" T6A08 Grammar error in question Revised text T6B09 Deleted question T7A02 Grammar error Revised text T7A08 Deleted question. T8A02 Ambiguous reference to Part 97 section Clarified reference T8A03 Missing period in distractor C Inserted correction T8A10 Listed answer is incorrect Correct answer is "D" T8B08 Conflicts with T8B11 Question rewritten T8B11 Conflicts with T8B08 Question rewritten T8C10 Grammatical errors Question rewritten T9A06 Grammatical errors Question rewritten T9A12 Grammar error Question rewritten T9C01 Distractor A (correct answer) is wrong Distractor rewritten T9C02 Grammar error Question rewritten T9C07 Grammar error Question rewritten T9C10 Grammar error Question rewritten T0C02 Grammar error Corrected T0C06 Typo Corrected 2006 Technician Class (Element 2) Master syllabus Released 6 February, 2006 35 Exam questions SUBELEMENT T1 - FCC Rules, station license responsibilities - 4 exam questions - 4 groups T1A - Basis and purpose of the Amateur Radio Service, penalties for unlicensed operation, other penalties, examinations T1B - ITU regions, international regulations, US call sign structure, special event calls, vanity call signs T1C - Authorized frequencies (Technician), reciprocal licensing, operation near band edges, spectrum sharing T1D - The station license, correct name and address on file, license term, renewals, grace period SUBELEMENT T2 - Control operator duties - 4 exam questions - 4 groups T2A - Prohibited communications: music, broadcasting, codes and ciphers, business use, permissible communications, bulletins, code practice, incidental music T2B - Basic identification requirements, repeater ID standards, identification for non-voice modes, identification requirements for mobile and portable operation T2C - Definition of control operator, location of control operator, automatic and remote control, auxiliary stations T2D - Operating another person's station, guest operators at your station, third party communications, autopatch, incidental business use, compensation of operators, club stations, station security, station inspection, protection against unauthorized transmissions SUBELEMENT T3 - Operating practices - 4 exam questions - 4 groups T3A - Choosing an operating frequency, calling CQ, calling another station, test transmissions T3B - Use of minimum power, band plans, repeater coordination, mode restricted sub-bands T3C - Courtesy and respect for others, sensitive subject areas, obscene and indecent language T3D - Interference to and from consumer devices, public relations, intentional and unintentional interference SUBELEMENT T4 - Radio and electronic fundamentals - 5 exam questions - 5 groups T4A - Names of electrical units, DC and AC, what is a radio signal, conductors and insulators, electrical components T4B - relationship between frequency and wavelength, identification of bands, names of frequency ranges, types of waves T4C - How radio works: receivers, transmitters, transceivers, amplifiers, power supplies, types of batteries, service life T4D - Ohms law relationships T4E - Power calculations, units, kilo, mega, milli, micro SUBELEMENT T5 - Station setup and operation - 4 exam questions - 4 groups T5A - Station hookup - microphone, speaker, headphones, filters, power source, connecting a computer T5B - Operating controls T5C - Repeaters; repeater and simplex operating techniques, offsets, selective squelch, open and closed repeaters, linked repeaters T5D - Recognition and correction of problems, symptoms of overload and overdrive, distortion, over and under modulation, RF feedback, off frequency signals, fading and noise, problems with digital communications links T6A - Modulation modes, descriptions and bandwidth (AM, FM, SSB) T6B - Voice communications, EchoLink and IRLP T6C - Non-voice communications - image communications, data, CW, packet, PSK31, Morse code techniques, Q signals SUBELEMENT T7 - Special operations - 2 exam questions - 2 groups T7A - Operating in the field, radio direction finding, radio control, contests, special event stations T7B - Satellite operation, Doppler shift, satellite sub bands, LEO, orbit calculation, split frequency operation, operating protocols, AMSAT, ISS communications SUBELEMENT T8 - Emergency and Public Service Communications - 3 exam questions - 3 groups T8A - FCC declarations of an emergency, use of non-amateur equipment and frequencies, use of equipment by unlicensed persons, tactical call signs T8B - Preparation for emergency operations, RACES/ARES, safety of life and property, using ham radio at civic events, compensation prohibited T8C - Net operations, responsibilities of the net control station, message handling, interfacing with public safety officials SUBELEMENT T9 - Radio waves, propagation, and antennas - 3 exam questions - 3 groups T9A - Antenna types - vertical, horizontal, concept of gain, common portable and mobile antennas, losses with short antennas, relationships between antenna length and frequency, dummy loads T9B - Propagation, fading, multipath distortion, reflections, radio horizon, terrain blocking, wavelength vs. penetration, antenna orientation T9C - Feedlines types, losses vs. frequency, SWR concepts, measuring SWR, matching and power transfer, weather protection, feedline failure modes SUBELEMENT T0 - Electrical and RF Safety - 3 exam questions - 3 groups T0A - AC power circuits, hazardous voltages, fuses and circuit breakers, grounding, lightning protection, battery safety, electrical code compliance T0B - Antenna installation, tower safety, overhead power lines T0C - RF hazards, radiation exposure, RF heating hazards, proximity to antennas, recognized safe power levels, hand held safety, exposure to others 2006 Technician Class License Question Pool Released 6 February, 2006 35 Exam questions SUBELEMENT T1 - FCC Rules, station license responsibilities - 4 exam questions - 4 Groups T1A - Basis and purpose of the Amateur Radio Service, penalties for unlicensed operation, other penalties, examinations - 1 exam question T1A01 (A) [97.3(a)(1)] Who is an amateur operator as defined in Part 97? A. A person named in an amateur operator/primary license grant in T1A02 (B) [97.1] What is one of the basic purposes of the Amateur Radio Service as defined in Part 97? A. To support teaching of amateur radio classes in schools T1A03 (C) [97.501] What classes of US amateur radio licenses may currently be earned by examination? A. Novice, Technician, General, Advanced T1A04 (C) [97.509(b)] Who is a Volunteer Examiner? A. A certified instructor who volunteers to examine amateur T1A05 (A) [97.505(a)(6)] How long is a CSCE valid for license upgrade purposes? A. 365 days T1A06 (D) [97.509(a)(b)(3)(i)] How many and what class of Volunteer Examiners are required to administer an Element 2 Technician written exam? A. Three Examiners holding any class of license T1A07 (B) [97.5] Who makes and enforces the rules for the Amateur Radio Service in the United States? A. The Congress of the United States T1A08 (D) [97.1] What are two of the five fundamental purposes for the Amateur Radio Service? A. To protect historical radio data, and help the public T1A09 (D) [97.3(a)(5)] What is the definition of an amateur radio station? A. A station in a public radio service used for radio T1A10 (B) [97.3(A)(23)] What is a transmission called that disturbs other communications? A. Interrupted CW T1B - ITU regions, international regulations, US call sign structure, special event calls, vanity call signs - 1 exam question T1B01 (C) [97.3(a)(28)] What is the ITU? A. The International Telecommunications Utility T1B02 (A) [97.301] What is the purpose of ITU Regions? A. They are used to assist in the management of frequency T1B03 (C) [97.17(d)] What system does the FCC use to select new amateur radio call signs? A. Call signs are assigned in random order T1B04 (A) [97.19(d)] What FCC call sign program might you use to obtain a call sign containing your initials? A. The vanity call sign program T1B05 (B) [97.17(b)(2)] How might an amateur radio club obtain a club station call sign? A. By applying directly to the FCC in Gettysburg, PA T1B06 (C) Who is eligible to apply for temporary use of a 1-by-1 format Special Event call sign? A. Only Amateur Extra class amateurs T1B07 (A) [97.107] When are you allowed to operate your amateur station in a foreign country? A. When there is a reciprocal operating agreement between the T1B08 (C) Which of the following call signs is a valid US amateur call? A. UZ4FWD T1B09 (B) What letters must be used for the first letter in US amateur call signs? A. K, N, U and W T1B10 (D) What numbers are used in US amateur call signs? A. Any two-digit number, 10 through 99 T1C - Authorized frequencies (Technician), reciprocal licensing, operation near band edges, spectrum sharing - 1 exam question T1C01 (C) [97.5(a)] What is required before you can control an amateur station in the US? A. You must hold an FCC restricted operator's permit for a T1C02 (B) [97.5(a)] Where does a US amateur license allow you to transmit? A. From anywhere in the world T1C03 (B) [97.111] Under what conditions are amateur stations allowed to communicate with stations operating in other radio services? A. When other radio services make contact with amateur stations T1C04 (B) [97.301(a)] Which frequency is within the 6-meter band? A. 49.00 MHz T1C05 (A) [97.301(a)] Which amateur band are you using when transmitting on 146.52 MHz? A. 2 meter band T1C06 (C) [97.301(a)] Which 70-centimeter frequency is authorized to a Technician class license holder operating in ITU Region 2? A. 455.350 MHz T1C07 (B) [97.301(a)] Which 23 centimeter frequency is authorized to a Technician class license holder operating in ITU Region 2? A. 2315 MHz T1C08 (D) [97.301(a)] What amateur band are you using if you are operating on 223.50 MHz? A. 15 meter band T1C09 (C) [97.303] What do the FCC rules mean when an amateur frequency band is said to be available on a secondary basis? A. Secondary users of a frequency have equal rights to operate T1C10 (D) [97.111] When may a US amateur operator communicate with an amateur in a foreign country? A. Only when a third-party agreement exists between the US and the T1C11 (D) [97.113(a)(5)] Which of the following types of communications are not permitted in the Amateur Radio Service? A. Brief transmissions to make adjustments to the station T1D - The station license, correct name and address on file, license term, renewals, grace period - 1 exam question T1D01 (B) [97.17(a)] Which of the following services are issued an operator station license by the FCC? A. Family Radio Service T1D02 (A) [97.5(b)(1)] Who can become an amateur licensee in the US? A. Anyone except a representative of a foreign government T1D03 (D) [97.5(b)(1)] What is the minimum age required to hold an amateur license? A. 14 years or older T1D04 (D) [97.5(a)] What government agency grants your amateur radio license? A. The Department of Defense T1D05 (C) [97.5(a)] How soon may you transmit after passing the required examination elements for your first amateur radio license? A. Immediately T1D06 (C) [97.25(a)] What is the normal term for an amateur station license grant? A. 5 years T1D07 (A) [97.21(b)] What is the grace period during which the FCC will renew an expired 10-year license without re-examination? A. 2 years T1D08 (D) [97.103(a)] What is your responsibility as a station licensee? A. You must allow another amateur to operate your station upon T1D09 (A) [97.23] When may the FCC revoke or suspend a license if the mailing address of the holder is not current with the FCC? A. If mail is returned to the FCC as undeliverable T1D10 (B) [97.23] The FCC requires which address to be kept up to date on the Universal Licensing System database? A. The station location address T1D11 (A) [97.21(b)] When are you permitted to continue to transmit if you forget to renew your amateur license and it expires? A. Transmitting is not allowed until the license is renewed and T1D12 (A) [97.23] Why must an Amateur radio operator have a correct name and mailing address on file with the FCC? A. To receive mail delivery from the FCC by the United States SUBELEMENT T2 - Control operator duties - 4 exam questions - 4 groups T2A - Prohibited communications: music, broadcasting, codes and ciphers, business use, permissible communications, bulletins, code practice, incidental music - 1 exam question T2A01 (A) [97.113(b)] When is an amateur station authorized to transmit information to the general public? A. Never T2A02 (A) [97.113(a)(4), 97.113(e)] When is an amateur station authorized to transmit music? A. Amateurs may not transmit music, except as incidental to an T2A03 (C) [97.113(a)(4), 97.211(b), 97.217] When is the transmission of codes or ciphers allowed to hide the meaning of a message transmitted by an amateur station? A. Only during contests T2A04 (A) [97.113(a)(4)] When may an amateur station transmit false or deceptive signals? A. Never T2A05 (C) [97.119(b)] When may an amateur station transmit unidentified communications? A. Only during brief tests not meant as messages T2A06 (A) [97.3(a)(10)] What does the term broadcasting mean? A. Transmissions intended for reception by the general public, T2A07 (C) [97.113(a)(4)] Which of the following are specifically prohibited in the Amateur Radio Service? A. Discussion of politics T2A08 (B) [97.3(a)(10), 97.113(b)] Which of the following one-way communications may not be transmitted in the Amateur Radio Service? A. Telecommand of model craft T2A09 (C) [97.113(2)] When does the FCC allow an amateur radio station to be used as a method of communication for hire or material compensation? A. Only when making test transmissions T2A10 (B) [97.113(a)(3),(a)5(e)] What type of communications are prohibited when using a repeater autopatch? A. Calls to a recorded weather report T2A11 (C) [97.113(a)3] When may you use your station to tell people about equipment you have for sale? A. Never T2B01 (B) [97.119(a)] What must you transmit to identify your amateur station? A. Your tactical ID T2B02 (A) [97.119(a)] What is a transmission called that does not contain a station identification? A. Unidentified communications or signals T2B03 (B) [97.119(a)] How often must an amateur station transmit the assigned call sign? A. At the beginning of each transmission and every 10 minutes T2B04 (D) [97.119(b)] What is an acceptable method of transmitting a repeater station identification? A. By phone using the English language T2B05 (C) [97.119(a)] What identification is required when two amateur stations end communications? A. No identification is required T2B06 (B) [97.119(a)] What is the longest period of time an amateur station can operate without transmitting its call sign? A. 5 minutes T2B07 (C) [97.119(b)(2)] What is a permissible way to identify your station when you are speaking to another amateur operator using a language other than English? A. You must identify using the official version of the foreign T2B08 (D) [97.119(d)] How often must you identify using your assigned call sign when operating while using a special event call sign? A. Every 10 minutes T2B09 (A) [97.119(c)] What is required when using one or more self-assigned indicators with your assigned call sign? A. The indicator must not conflict with an indicator specified by T2B10 (B) [97.119(e)] What is the correct way to identify when visiting a station if you hold a higher class license than that of the station licensee and you are using a frequency not authorized to his class of license? A. Send your call sign first, followed by his call sign T2B11 (A) [97.119(f)(2)] When exercising the operating privileges earned by examination upgrade of a license what is meant by use of the indicator "/AG"? A. Authorized General T2C01 (B) [97.7] What must every amateur station have when transmitting? A. A frequency-measuring device T2C02 (C ) [97.5(b)(1)] How many amateur operator / primary station licenses may be held by one person? A. As many as desired T2C03 (B) [97.205(a)] What minimum class of amateur license must you hold to be a control operator of a repeater station? A. Technician Plus T2C04 (D) [97.3(a)(12)] Who is responsible for the transmissions from an amateur station? A. Auxiliary operator T2C05 (C) [97.7] When must an amateur station have a control operator? A. Only when training another amateur T2C06 (D) [97.3] What is the control point of an amateur station? A. The on/off switch of the transmitter T2C07 (C) [97.109(d)] What type of amateur station does not require a control operator to be at the control point? A. A locally controlled station T2C08 (A) [97.3(a)] What are the three types of station control permitted and recognized by FCC rule? A. Local, remote and automatic control T2C09 (C) [97.3(a)] What type of control is being used on a repeater when the control operator is not present? A. Local control T2C10 (D) [97.109(a)] What type of control is being used when transmitting using a handheld radio? A. Radio control T2C11 (B) [97.3] What type of control is used when the control operator is not at the station location but can still make changes to a transmitter? A. Local control T2C12 (C) [97.3(a)(13)] What is the definition of a control operator of an amateur station? A. Anyone who operates the controls of the station T2D - Operating another person's station, guest operators at your station, third party communications, autopatch, incidental business use, compensation of operators, club stations, station security, station inspection, protection against unauthorized transmissions - 1 exam question T2D01 (A) [97.103(a)] Who is responsible for proper operation if you transmit from another amateur's station? A. Both of you T2D02 (A) [97.105(b)] What operating privileges are allowed when another amateur holding a higher class license is controlling your station? A. All privileges allowed by the higher class license T2D03 (B) [97.105(b)] What operating privileges are allowed when you are the control operator at the station of another amateur who has a higher class license than yours? A. Any privileges allowed by the higher class license T2D04 (B) [97.113(a)(3)] Which of the following is a prohibited amateur radio transmission? A. Using amateur radio to seek emergency assistance T2D05 (A) [97.3(a)46] What is the definition of third-party communications? A. A message sent between two amateur stations for someone else T2D06 (B) [97.5(b)(2)] How many persons are required to be members of a club for a club station license to be issued by the FCC? A. At least 5 T2D07 (C) [97.11(a)] When may you operate your amateur station aboard an aircraft? A. At any time T2D08 (B) [97.103(c)] When is the FCC allowed to inspect your station equipment and station records? A. Only on weekends T2D09 (A) How might you best keep unauthorized persons from using your amateur station? A. Disconnect the power and microphone cables when not using your T2D10 (B) [97.109(b)] Why are unlicensed persons in your family not allowed to transmit on your amateur station if you are not there? A. They must not use your equipment without your permission T2D11 (D) [97.113(d)] When is it permissible for the control operator of a club station to accept compensation for sending information bulletins or Morse code practice? A. When compensation is paid from a non-profit organization T3A - Choosing an operating frequency, calling CQ, calling another station, test transmissions - 1 exam question T3A01 (B) Which of the following should you do when selecting a frequency on which to transmit? A. Call CQ to see if anyone is listening T3A02 (B) How do you call another station on a repeater if you know the station's call sign? A. Say "break, break" then say the station's call sign T3A03 (A) How do you indicate you are looking for any station with which to make contact? A. CQ followed by your callsign T3A04 (C) What should you transmit when responding to a call of CQ? A. Your own CQ followed by the other station's callsign T3A05 (C) [97.119(a)] What term describes a brief test transmission that does not include any station identification? A. A test emission with no identification required T3A06 (A) What must an amateur do when making a transmission to test equipment or antennas? A. Properly identify the station T3A07 (D) Which of the following is true when making a test transmission? A. Station identification is not required if the transmission is T3A08 (D) What is the meaning of the procedural signal "CQ"? A. Call on the quarter hour T3A09 (A) [97.119(b)(2)] Why should you avoid using cute phrases or word combinations to identify your station? A. They are not easily understood by some operators T3A10 (B) What brief statement is often used in place of "CQ" to indicate that you are listening for calls on a repeater? A. Say "Hello test" followed by your call sign T3A11 (A) [97.119(b)(2)] Why should you use the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) phonetic alphabet when identifying your station? A. The words are internationally recognized substitutes for T3B - Use of minimum power, band plans, repeater coordination, mode restricted sub-bands - 1 exam question T3B01 (A) What is a band plan? A. A voluntary guideline, beyond the divisions established by the T3B02 (C) Which of the following statements is true of band plans? A. They are mandated by the FCC to regulate spectrum use T3B03 (C) Who developed the band plans used by amateur radio operators? A. The US Congress T3B04 (C) Who is in charge of the repeater frequency band plan in your local area? A. The local FCC field office T3B05 (A) What is the main purpose of repeater coordination? A. To reduce interference and promote proper use of spectrum T3B06 (C) [97.205(g)] Who is accountable if a repeater station inadvertently retransmits communications that violate FCC rules? A. The repeater trustee T3B07 (D) [97.313(a)] Which of these statements is true about legal power levels on the amateur bands? A. Always use the maximum power allowed to ensure that you T3B08 (C) [97.305(c)] Which of the bands available to Technician class licensees have mode restricted sub-bands? A. The 6-meter, 2-meter, and 70-centimeter bands T3B09 (A) [97.305 (a)(c)] What emission modes are permitted in the restricted sub-band at A. CW only T3B10 (A) [97.305 (a)(c)] What emission modes are permitted in the restricted sub-band at A. CW only T3C - Courtesy and respect for others, sensitive subject areas, obscene and indecent language - 1 exam question T3C01 (A) What is the proper way to break into a conversation between two stations that are using the frequency? A. Say your call sign between their transmissions T3C02 (D) What is considered to be proper repeater operating practice? A. Monitor before transmitting and keep transmissions short T3C03 (A) What should you do before responding to another stations call? A. Make sure you are operating on a permissible frequency for your T3C04 (C) [97.101(b)] What rule applies if two amateur stations want to use the same frequency? A. The station operator with a lesser class of license must yield T3C05 (D) [97.113(a)(4)] Why is indecent and obscene language prohibited in the Amateur A. Because it is offensive to some individuals T3C06 (B) Why should amateur radio operators avoid the use of racial or ethnic slurs when talking to other stations? A. Such language is prohibited by the FCC T3C07 (C) What should you do if you hear a newly licensed operator that is having trouble with their station? A. Tell them to get off the air until they learn how operate T3C08 (B) [97.113(a)(4)] Where can an official list be found of prohibited obscene and indecent words that should not be used in amateur radio? A. On the FCC web site T3C09 (D) [97.113(a)(4)] What type of subjects are not prohibited communications while using amateur radio? A. Political discussions T3C10 (C) [97.101 (a)] When circumstances are not specifically covered by FCC rules, what general operating standard must be applied to amateur station operation? A. Designated operator control T3D - Interference to and from consumer devices, public relations, intentional and unintentional interference - 1 exam question T3D01 (D) What should you do if you receive a report that your transmissions are causing splatter or interference on nearby frequencies? A. Increase transmit power T3D02 (D) Who is responsible for taking care of the interference if signals from your transmitter are causing front end overload in your neighbor's television receiver? A. You alone are responsible, since your transmitter is causing T3D03 (C) What is the major cause of telephone interference? A. The telephone wiring is inadequate T3D04 (B) What is the proper course of action if you unintentionally interfere with another station? A. Rotate your antenna slightly T3D05(C) [97.101(d)] When may you deliberately interfere with another station's communications? A. Only if the station is operating illegally T3D06 (D) Who has exclusive use of a specific frequency when the FCC has not declared a communication emergency? A. Any net station that has traffic T3D07 (C) What effect might a break in a cable television transmission line have on amateur communications? A. A break cannot affect amateur communications T3D08 (C) What is the best way to reduce on the air interference when testing your transmitter? A. Use a short indoor antenna when testing T3D09 (C) [97.103(a)] What rules apply to your station when using amateur radio at the request of public service officials or at the scene of an emergency? A. RACES T3D10 (D) What do RACES and ARES have in common? A. They represent the two largest ham clubs in the United States T3D11 (C) What is meant by receiver front-end overload? A. Too much voltage from the power supply SUBELEMENT T4 - Radio and electronic fundamentals - 5 exam questions - 5 groups T4A - Names of electrical units, DC and AC, what is a radio signal, conductors and insulators, electrical components - 1 exam question T4A01 (D) Electrical current is measured in which of the following units? A. Volts T4A02 (B) Electrical Power is measured in which of the following units? A. Volts T4A03 (D) What is the name for the flow of electrons in an electric circuit? A. Voltage T4A04 (B) What is the name of a current that flows only in one direction? A. An alternating current T4A05 (B) What is the standard unit of frequency? A. The megacycle T4A06 (A) How much voltage does an automobile battery usually supply? A. About 12 volts T4A07 (D) What is the basic unit of resistance? A. The volt T4A08 (A) What is the name of a current that reverses direction on a regular basis? A. An alternating current T4A09 (C) Which of the following is a good electrical conductor? A. Glass T4A10 (B) Which of the following is a good electrical insulator? A. Copper T4A11 (B) What is the term used to describe opposition to current flow in ordinary conductors such as wires? A. Inductance T4A12 (C) What instrument is used to measure the flow of current in an electrical circuit? A. Frequency meter T4A13 (B) What instrument is used to measure Electromotive Force (EMF) between two points such as the poles of a battery? A. Magnetometer T4B - relationship between frequency and wavelength, identification of bands, names of frequency ranges, types of waves - 1 exam question T4B01 (C) What is the name for the distance a radio wave travels during one complete cycle? A. Wave speed T4B02 (D) What term describes the number of times that an alternating current flows back and forth per second? A. Pulse rate T4B03 (B) What does 60 hertz (Hz) mean? A. 6000 cycles per second T4B04 (C) Electromagnetic waves that oscillate more than 20,000 times per second as they travel through space are generally referred to as what? A. Gravity waves T4B05 (A) How fast does a radio wave travel through space? A. At the speed of light T4B06 (B) How does the wavelength of a radio wave relate to its frequency? A. The wavelength gets longer as the frequency increases T4B07 (D) What is the formula for converting frequency to wavelength in meters? A. Wavelength in meters equals frequency in Hertz multiplied by T4B08 (C) What are sound waves in the range between 300 and 3000 Hertz called? A. Test signals T4B09 (A) What property of a radio wave is often used to identify the different bands amateur radio operators use? A. The physical length of the wave T4B10 (A) What is the frequency range of the 2 meter band in the United States? A. 144 to 148 MHz T4B11 (D) What is the frequency range of the 6 meter band in the United States? A. 144 to 148 MHz T4B12 (C) What is the frequency range of the 70 centimeter band in the United States? A. 144 to 148 MHz T4C - How radio works: receivers, transmitters, transceivers, amplifiers, power supplies, types of batteries, service life - 1 exam question T4C01 (B) What is used to convert radio signals into sounds we can hear? A. Transmitter T4C02 (A) What is used to convert sounds from our voice into radio signals? A. Transmitter T4C03 (A) What two devices are combined into one unit in a transceiver? A. Receiver, transmitter T4C04 (C) What device is used to convert the alternating current from a wall outlet into low-voltage direct current? A. Inverter T4C05 (A) What device is used to increase the output of a 10 watt radio to 100 watts? A. Amplifier T4C06 (D) Which of the battery types listed below offers the longest life when used with a hand-held radio, assuming each battery is the same physical size? A. Lead-acid T4C07 (B) What is the nominal voltage per cell of a fully charged nickel-cadmium battery? A. 1.0 volts T4C08 (B) What battery type on this list is not designed to be re-charged? A. Nickel-cadmium T4C09 (D) What is required to keep rechargeable batteries in good condition and ready for emergencies? A. They must be inspected for physical damage and replaced if T4C10 (B) What is the best way to get the most amount of energy from a battery? A. Draw current from the battery as rapidly as possible T4D - Ohms law relationships - 1 exam question T4D01 (B) What formula is used to calculate current in a circuit? A. Current (I) equals voltage (E) multiplied by resistance (R) T4D02 (A) What formula is used to calculate voltage in a circuit? A. Voltage (E) equals current (I) multiplied by resistance (R) T4D03 (B) What formula is used to calculate resistance in a circuit? A. Resistance (R) equals voltage (E) multiplied by current (I) T4D04 (B) What is the resistance of a circuit when a current of 3 amperes flows through a resistor connected to 90 volts? A. 3 ohms T4D05 (C) What is the resistance in a circuit where the applied voltage is 12 volts and the current flow is 1.5 amperes? A. 18 ohms T4D06 (D) What is the current flow in a circuit with an applied voltage of 120 volts and a resistance of 80 ohms? A. 9600 amperes T4D07 (A) What is the voltage across the resistor if a current of 0.5 amperes flows through a 2 ohm resistor? A. 1 volt T4D08 (A) What is the voltage across the resistor if a current of 1 ampere flows through a 10 ohm resistor? A. 10 volts T4D09 (A) What is the voltage across the resistor if a current of 2 amperes flows through a 10 ohm resistor? A. 20 volts T4D10 (C) What is the current flowing through a 100 ohm resistor connected across 200 volts? A. 20,000 amperes T4D11 (C) What is the current flowing through a 24 ohm resistor connected across 240 volts? A. 24,000 amperes T4E - Power calculations, units, kilo, mega, milli, micro - 1 exam question T4E01 (D) What unit is used to describe electrical power? A. Ohm T4E02 (A) What is the formula used to calculate electrical power in a DC circuit? A. Power (P) equals voltage (E) multiplied by current (I) T4E03 (A) How much power is represented by a voltage of 13.8 volts DC and a current of 10 amperes? A. 138 watts T4E04 (B) How much power is being used in a circuit when the voltage is 120 volts DC and the current is 2.5 amperes? A. 1440 watts T4E05 (D) How can you determine how many watts are being drawn by your transceiver when you are transmitting? A. Measure the DC voltage and divide it by 60 Hz T4E06 (B) How many amperes are flowing in a circuit when the applied voltage is 120 volts DC and the load is 1200 watts? A. 20 amperes T4E07 (C) How many milliamperes is the same as 1.5 amperes? A. 15 milliamperes T4E08 (A) What is another way to specify the frequency of a radio signal that is oscillating at 1,500,000 Hertz? A. 1500 kHz T4E09 (C) How many volts are equal to one kilovolt? A. one one-thousandth of a volt T4E10 (A) How many volts are equal to one microvolt? A. one one-millionth of a volt T4E11 (B) How many watts does a hand-held transceiver put out if the output power is 500 milliwatts? A. 0.02 watts SUBELEMENT T5 - Station setup and operation - 4 exam questions - 4 groups T5A - Station hookup - microphone, speaker, headphones, filters, power source, connecting a computer - 1 exam question T5A01 (B) What does a microphone connect to in a basic amateur radio station? A. The receiver T5A02 (C) Which piece of station equipment converts electrical signals to sound waves? A. Frequency coordinator T5A03 (B) What is the term used to describe what happens when a microphone and speaker are too close to each other? A. Excessive wind noise T5A04 (C) What could you use in place of a regular speaker to help you copy signals in a noisy area? A. A video display T5A05 (A) What is a good reason for using a regulated power supply for communications equipment? A. To protect equipment from voltage fluctuations T5A06 (A) Where must a filter be installed to reduce spurious emissions? A. At the transmitter T5A07 (D) What type of filter should be connected to a TV receiver as the first step in trying to prevent RF overload from a nearby 2-meter transmitter? A. Low-pass filter T5A08 (C) What is connected between the transceiver and computer terminal in a packet radio station? A. Transmatch T5A09 (D) Which of these items is not required for a packet radio station? A. Antenna T5A10 (B) What can be used to connect a radio with a computer for data transmission? A. Balun T5B - Operating controls - 1 exam question T5B01 (B) What may happen if a transmitter is operated with the microphone gain set too high? A. The output power will be too high T5B02 (D) What kind of information may a VHF/UHF transceiver be capable of storing in memory? A. Transmit and receive operating frequency T5B03 (A) What is one way to select a frequency on which to operate? A. Use the keypad or VFO knob to enter the correct frequency T5B04 (D) What is the purpose of the squelch control on a transceiver? A. It is used to set the highest level of volume desired T5B05 (B) What is a way to enable quick access to a favorite frequency on your transceiver? A. Enable the CTCSS tones T5B06 (C) What might you do to improve the situation if the station you are listening to is hard to copy because of ignition noise interference? A. Increase your transmitter power T5B07 (A) What is the purpose of the buttons labeled "up" and "down" on many microphones? A. To allow easy frequency or memory selection T5B08 (C) What is the purpose of the "shift" control found on many VHF/UHF transceivers? A. Adjust transmitter power level T5B09 (B) What does RIT mean? A. Receiver Input Tone T5B10 (D) What is the purpose of the "step" menu function found on many transceivers? A. It adjusts the transmitter power output level T5B11 (C) What is the purpose of the "function" or "F" key found on many transceivers? A. It turns the power on and off T5C - Repeaters; repeater and simplex operating techniques, offsets, selective squelch, open and closed repeaters, linked repeaters - 1 exam question T5C01 (B) What is one purpose of a repeater? A. To cut your power bill by using someone else's higher power T5C02 (B) What is a courtesy tone? A. A tone used to identify the repeater T5C03 (A) Which of the following is the most important information to know before using a repeater? A. The repeater input and output frequencies T5C04 (C) Why should you pause briefly between transmissions when using a repeater? A. To let your radio cool off T5C05 (A) What is the most common input/output frequency offset for repeaters in the 2-meter band? A. 0.6 MHz T5C06 (D) What is the most common input/output frequency offset for repeaters in the 70-centimeter band? A. 600 kHz T5C07 (A) What is meant by the terms input and output frequency when referring to repeater operations? A. The repeater receives on one frequency and transmits on another T5C08 (A) What is the meaning of the term simplex operation? A. Transmitting and receiving on the same frequency T5C09 (B) What is a reason to use simplex instead of a repeater? A. When the most reliable communications are needed T5C10 (A) How might you find out if you could communicate with a station using simplex instead of a repeater? A. Check the repeater input frequency to see if you can hear the T5C11 (C) What is the term for a series of repeaters that can be connected to one another to provide users with a wider coverage? A. Open repeater system T5C12 (A) What is the main reason repeaters should be approved by the local frequency coordinator before being installed? A. Coordination minimizes interference between repeaters and makes T5C13 (B) Which of the following statements regarding use of repeaters is true? A. All amateur radio operators have the right to use any repeater T5C14 (D) What term is used to describe a repeater when use is restricted to the members of a club or group? A. A beacon station T5D - Recognition and correction of problems, symptoms of overload and overdrive, distortion, over and under modulation, RF feedback, off frequency signals, fading and noise, problems with digital T5D01 (C) What is meant by fundamental overload in reference to a receiver? A. Too much voltage from the power supply T5D02 (B) Which of the following is NOT a cause of radio frequency interference? A. Fundamental overload T5D03 (B) What is the most likely cause of telephone interference from a nearby transmitter? A. Harmonics from the transmitter T5D04 (C) What is a logical first step when attempting to cure a radio frequency interference problem in a nearby telephone? A. Install a low-pass filter at the transmitter T5D05 (A) What should you do first if someone tells you that your transmissions are interfering with their TV reception? A. Make sure that your station is operating properly and that it T5D07 (D) Which of the following may be useful in correcting a radio frequency interference problem? A. Snap-on ferrite chokes T5D08 (C) What is the proper course of action to take when a neighbor reports that your radio signals are interfering with something in his home? A. You are not required to do anything T5D09 (D) What should you do if a "Part 15" device in your neighbor's home is causing harmful interference to your amateur station? A. Work with your neighbor to identify the offending device T5D10 (D) What could be happening if another operator tells you he is hearing a variable high-pitched whine on the signals from your mobile transmitter? A. Your microphone is picking up noise from an open window T5D11 (C) What may be the problem if another operator reports that your SSB signal is very garbled and breaks up? A. You have the noise limiter turned on T5D12 (D) What might be the problem if you receive a report that your signal through the repeater is distorted or weak? A. Your transmitter may be slightly off frequency T5D13 (B) What is one of the reasons to use digital signals instead of analog signals to communicate with another station? A. Digital systems are less expensive than analog systems SUBELEMENT T6 - Communications modes and methods - 3 exam questions - 3 groups T6A - Modulation modes, descriptions and bandwidth (AM, FM, SSB) - 1 exam question T6A01 (C) What are phone transmissions? A. The use of telephones to set up an amateur radio contact T6A02 (C) Which of the following is a form of amplitude modulation? A. Frequency modulation T6A03 (A) What name is given to an amateur radio station that is used to connect other amateur stations to the Internet? A. A gateway T6A04 (C) Which type of voice modulation is most often used for long distance and weak signal contacts on the VHF and UHF bands? A. FM T6A05 (D) Which type of modulation is most commonly used for VHF and UHF voice repeaters? A. AM T6A06 (C) Which emission type has the narrowest bandwidth? A. FM voice T6A07 (A) Which sideband is normally used for VHF and UHF SSB communications? A. Upper sideband T6A08 (C) What is the primary advantage of single sideband over FM for voice transmissions? A. SSB signals are easier to tune in than FM signals T6A09 (D) What is the approximate bandwidth of a single-sideband voice signal? A. 1 kHz T6A10 (C) What is the approximate bandwidth of a frequency-modulated voice signal? A. Less than 500 Hz T6A11 (B) What is the normal bandwidth required for a conventional fast-scan TV transmission using combined video and audio on the 70-centimeter band? A. More than 10 MHz T6B - Voice communications, EchoLink and IRLP - 1 exam question T6B01 (C) How is information transmitted between stations using Echolink? A. APRS T6B02 (A) What does the abbreviation IRLP mean? A. Internet Radio Linking Project T6B03 (B) Who may operate on the Echolink system? A. Only club stations T6B04 (A) What technology do Echolink and IRLP have in common? A. Voice over Internet protocol T6B05 (C) What method is used to transfer data by IRLP? A. VHF Packet radio T6B06 (B) What does the term IRLP describe? A. A method of encrypting data T6B07 (B) Which one of the following allows computer-to-radio linking for voice transmission? A. Grid modulation T6B08 (C) What are you listening to if you hear a brief tone and then a station from Russia calling CQ on a 2-meter repeater? A. An ionospheric band opening on VHF T6B10 (C) Where might you find a list of active nodes using VoIP? A. The FCC Rulebook T6B11 (D) When using a portable transceiver how do you select a specific IRLP node? A. Choose a specific CTCSS tone T6C - Non-voice communications - image communications, data, CW, packet, PSK31, Morse code techniques, Q signals - 1 exam question T6C01 (D) Which of the following is an example of a digital communications method? A. Single sideband voice T6C02 (A) What does the term APRS mean? A. Automatic Position Reporting System T6C03 (D) What item is required along with your normal radio for sending automatic location reports? A. A connection to the vehicle speedometer T6C04 (C) What type of transmission is indicated by the term NTSC? A. A Normal Transmission mode in Static Circuit T6C05 (B) What emission mode may be used by a Technician class operator in the 219 - 220 MHz frequency range? A. Slow-scan television T6C06 (B) What does the abbreviation PSK mean? A. Pulse Shift Keying T6C07 (D) What is PSK31? A. A high-rate data transmission mode used to transmit files T6C08 (C) What sending speed is recommended when using Morse code? A. Only speeds below five WPM T6C09 (D) What is a practical reason for being able to copy CW when using repeaters? A. To send and receive messages others cannot overhear T6C10 (A) What is the "Q" signal used to indicate that you are receiving interference from other stations? A. QRM T6C11 (B) What is the "Q" signal used to indicate that you are changing frequency? A. QRU SUBELEMENT T7 - Special operations - 2 exam questions - 2 groups T7A - Operating in the field, radio direction finding, radio control, contests, special event stations - 1 exam question T7A01 (C) What is a good thing to have when operating a hand-held transceiver away from home? A. A selection of spare parts T7A02 (B) Which of these items would probably not be very useful to include in an emergency response kit? A. An external antenna and several feet of connecting cable T7A03 (B) How can you make the signal from a hand-held radio stronger when operating in the field? A. Switch to VFO mode T7A04 (C) What would be a good thing to have when operating from a location that includes lots of crowd noise? A. A portable bullhorn T7A05 (C) What is a method used to locate sources of noise interference or jamming? A. Echolocation T7A06 (B) Which of these items would be the most useful for a hidden transmitter hunt? A. Binoculars and a compass T7A07 (A) What is a popular operating activity that involves contacting as many stations as possible during a specified period of time? A. Contesting T7A09 (A) What is a grid locator? A. A letter-number designator assigned to a geographic location T7A10 (C) What is a special event station? A. A station that sends out birthday greetings T7A11 (B) [97.215(c)] What is the maximum power allowed when transmitting telecommand signals to radio controlled models? A. 500 milliwatts T7A12 (C) [97.215(a)] What is the station identification requirement when sending commands to a radio control model using amateur frequencies? A. Voice identification must be transmitted every 10 minutes T7B - Satellite operation, Doppler shift, satellite sub bands, LEO, orbit calculation, split frequency operation, operating protocols, AMSAT, ISS communications - 1 exam question T7B01 (D) What class of license is required to use amateur satellites? A. Only Extra class licensees can use amateur radio satellites T7B02 (B) How much power should you use to transmit when using an amateur satellite? A. The maximum power of your transmitter T7B03 (D) What is something you can do when using an amateur radio satellite? A. Listen to the Space Shuttle T7B04 (B) Who may make contact with an astronaut on the International Space Station using amateur radio frequencies? A. Only members of amateur radio clubs at NASA facilities T7B05 (D) What is a satellite beacon? A. The primary transmit antenna on the satellite T7B06 (D) What should you use to determine when you can access an amateur satellite? A. A GPS receiver T7B07 (C) What is Doppler shift? A. A change in the satellite orbit T7B08 (C) What is the name of the group that coordinates the building and/or launch of the largest number of amateur radio satellites? A. NSA T7B09 (C) What is a satellite sub-band? A. A special frequency for talking to submarines T7B10 (B) What is the satellite sub-band on 70-CM? A. 420 to 450 MHz T7B11 (C) What do the initials LEO tell you about an amateur satellite? A. The satellite battery is in Low Energy Operation mode SUBELEMENT T8 - Emergency and Public Service Communications - 3 exam questions - 3 groups T8A - FCC declarations of an emergency, use of non-amateur equipment and frequencies, use of equipment by unlicensed persons, tactical call signs - 1 exam question T8A01 (C) [97.401(b)] What information is included in an FCC declaration of a temporary state of communication emergency? A. A list of organizations authorized to use radio communications T8A02 (B) [97.111(a)] Under what conditions are amateur stations allowed to communicate with stations operating in other radio services? A. When communicating with the space shuttle T8A03 (D) What should you do if you are in contact with another station and an emergency call is heard? A. Tell the calling station that the frequency is in use T8A04 (C) What are the restrictions on amateur radio communications after the FCC has declared a communications emergency? A. The emergency declaration prohibits all communications T8A05 (B) What is one reason for using tactical call signs such as "command post" or "weather center" during an emergency? A. They help to keep the general public informed T8A06 (A) [97.401(b)] What is legally required to restrict a frequency to emergency-only A. An FCC declaration of a communications emergency T8A07 (D) Who has the exclusive use of a frequency if the FCC has not declared a communication emergency? A. Any net station that has traffic T8A08 (B) What should you do if you hear someone reporting an emergency? A. Report the station to the FCC immediately T8A09 (D) What is an appropriate way to initiate an emergency call on amateur radio? A. Yell as loudly as you can into the microphone T8A10 (D) What are the penalties for making a false emergency call? A. You could have your license revoked T8A11 (B) [97.101(c)] What type of communications has priority at all times in the Amateur Radio Service? A. Repeater communications T8A12 (D) [97.101(c)] When must priority be given to stations providing emergency communications? A. Only when operating under RACES T8B - Preparation for emergency operations, RACES/ARES, safety of life and property, using ham radio at civic events, compensation prohibited - 1 exam question T8B01 (D) What can you do to be prepared for an emergency situation where your assistance might be needed? A. Check at least twice a year to make sure you have all of your T8B02 (C) [97.403] When may you use your amateur station to transmit a "SOS" or "MAYDAY" signal? A. Only when you are transmitting from a ship at sea T8B03 (A) What is the primary function of RACES in relation to emergency activities? A. RACES organizations are restricted to serving local, state, T8B04 (B) What is the primary function of ARES in relation to emergency activities? A. ARES organizations are restricted to serving local, state, T8B05 (C) [97.407(a)] What organization must you register with before you can participate in RACES activities? A. A local amateur radio club T8B06 (B) What is necessary before you can join an ARES group? A. You are required to join the ARRL T8B07 (D) What could be used as an alternate source of power to operate radio equipment during emergencies? A. The battery in a car or truck T8B08 (B) [97.403, 97.405(a),(b)] When can you use non-amateur frequencies or equipment to call for help in a situation involving immediate danger to life or property? A. Never; your license only allows you to use the frequencies T8B09 (C) Why should casual conversation between stations during a public service event be avoided? A. Such chatter is often interesting to bystanders T8B10 (B) What should you do if a reporter asks to use your amateur radio transceiver to make a news report? A. Allow the use but give your call sign every 10 minutes T8B11 (C) [97.403, 97.405(a),(b)] When can you use a modified amateur radio transceiver to transmit on the local fire department frequency? A. When you are helping the Fire Department raise money T8C - Net operations, responsibilities of the net control station, message handling, interfacing with public safety officials - 1 exam question T8C01 (A) Which type of traffic has the highest priority? A. Emergency traffic T8C02 (B) What type of messages should not be transmitted over amateur radio frequencies during emergencies? A. Requests for supplies T8C03 (C) What should you do to minimize disruptions to an emergency traffic net once you have checked in? A. Whenever the net frequency is quiet, announce your call sign T8C04 (B) What is one thing that must be included when passing emergency messages? A. The call signs of all the stations passing the message T8C05 (A) What is one way to reduce the chances of casual listeners overhearing sensitive emergency traffic? A. Pass messages using a non-voice mode such as packet radio or T8C06 (C) What is of primary importance for a net control station? A. A dual-band transceiver T8C07 (B) What should the net control station do if someone breaks in with emergency traffic? A. Ask them to wait until the roll has been called T8C08 (C) What should you do if a large scale emergency has just occurred and no net control station is available? A. Wait until the assigned net control station comes on the air T8C09 (D) What is the preamble of a message? A. The first paragraph of the message text T8C10 (A) What is meant by the term "check" in reference to a message? A. The check is a count of the number of words in the message T8C11 (B) What is the recommended guideline for the maximum number of words to be included in the text of an emergency message? A. 10 words SUBELEMENT T9 - Radio waves, propagation, and antennas - 3 exam questions - 3 groups T9A - Antenna types - vertical, horizontal, concept of gain, common portable and mobile antennas, losses with short antennas, relationships between antenna length and frequency, dummy loads - 1 exam question T9A01 (C) What is a beam antenna? A. An antenna built from metal I-beams T9A02 (C) What is an antenna that consists of a single element mounted perpendicular to the Earth's surface? A. A conical monopole T9A03 (B) What type of antenna is a simple dipole mounted so the elements are parallel to the Earth's surface? A. A ground wave antenna T9A04 (A) What is a disadvantage of the "rubber duck" antenna supplied with most hand held radio transceivers? A. It does not transmit or receive as effectively as a full sized T9A05 (C) How does the physical size of half-wave dipole antenna change with operating frequency? A. It becomes longer as the frequency increases T9A06 (B) What is the advantage of 5/8 wavelength over 1/4 wavelength vertical antennas? A. They are easier to match to the feed line than other types T9A07 (A) What is the primary purpose of a dummy load? A. It does not radiate interfering signals when making tests T9A08 (C) What type of antennas are the quad, Yagi, and dish? A. Antennas invented after 1985 T9A09 (D) What is one type of antenna that offers good efficiency when operating mobile and can be easily installed or removed? A. A microwave antenna T9A10 (A) What is a good reason not to use a "rubber duck" antenna inside your car? A. Signals can be 10 to 20 times weaker than when you are outside T9A11 (C) What is the approximate length, in inches, of a quarter-wavelength vertical antenna for 146 MHz? A. 112 inches T9A12 (C) What is the approximate length, in inches, of a 6-meter 1/2 wavelength wire dipole antenna? A. 6 inches T9B - Propagation, fading, multipath distortion, reflections, radio horizon, terrain blocking, wavelength vs. penetration, antenna orientation - 1 exam question T9B01 (C) Why are VHF/UHF signals not normally heard over long distances? A. They are too weak to go very far T9B02 (D) What might be happening when we hear a VHF signal from long distances? A. Signals are being reflected from outer space T9B03 (B) What is the most likely cause of sudden bursts of tones or fragments of different conversations that interfere with VHF or UHF signals? A. The batteries in your transceiver are failing T9B04 (A) What is the radio horizon? A. The point where radio signals between two points are blocked by T9B05 (D) What should you do if a station reports that your signals were strong just a moment ago, but now they are weak or distorted? A. Change the batteries in your radio to a different type T9B06 (B) Why do UHF signals often work better inside of buildings than VHF signals? A. VHF signals lose power faster over distance T9B07 (C) What is a good thing to remember when using your hand-held VHF or UHF radio to reach a distant repeater? A. Speak as loudly as possible to help your signal go farther T9B08 (B) What can happen if the antennas at opposite ends of a VHF or UHF line of sight radio link are not using the same polarization? A. The modulation sidebands might become inverted T9B09 (B) What might be a way to reach a distant repeater if buildings or obstructions are blocking the direct line of sight path? A. Change from vertical to horizontal polarization T9B10 (B) What term is commonly used to describe the rapid fluttering sound sometimes heard from mobile stations that are moving while transmitting? A. Flip-flopping T9B11 (C) Why do VHF and UHF Radio signals usually travel about a third farther than the visual line of sight distance between 2 stations? A. Radio signals move somewhat faster than the speed of light and T9C - Feedlines types, losses vs. frequency, SWR concepts, measuring SWR, matching and power transfer, weather protection, feedline failure modes - 1 exam question T9C01 (A) What, in general terms, is standing wave ratio (SWR)? A. A measure of how well a load is matched to a transmitter T9C02 (C) What reading on a SWR meter indicates a perfect impedance match between the antenna and the feed line? A. 2 to 1 T9C03 (B) What might be indicated by erratic changes in SWR readings? A. The transmitter is being modulated T9C04 (A) What is the SWR value where the protection circuits in most solid-state transmitters begin to reduce transmitter power? A. 2 to 1 T9C05 (C) What happens to the power lost in a feed line? A. It increases the SWR T9C06 (D) What instrument other than a SWR meter could you use to determine if your feedline and antenna are properly matched? A. Voltmeter T9C07 (A) What is the most common reason for failure of coaxial cables? A. Moisture contamination T9C08 (B) Why is it important to have a low SWR in an antenna system that uses coaxial cable feedline? A. To reduce television interference T9C09 (C) What can happen to older coaxial cables that are exposed to weather and sunlight for several years? A. Nothing, weather and sunlight do not affect coaxial cable T9C10 (D) Why is the outer sheath of most coaxial cables black in color? A. It is the cheapest color to use T9C11 (B) What is the impedance of the most commonly used coaxial cable in typical amateur radio installations? A. 8 Ohms T9C12 (A) Why is coaxial cable used more often than any other feed line for amateur radio antenna systems? A. It is easy to use and requires few special installation SUBELEMENT T0 - Electrical and RF Safety - 3 exam questions - 3 groups T0A - AC power circuits, hazardous voltages, fuses and circuit breakers, grounding, lightning protection, battery safety, electrical code compliance - 1 exam question T0A01 (B) What is a commonly accepted value for the lowest voltage that can cause a dangerous electric shock? A. 12 volts T0A02 (B) What is the lowest amount of electrical current flowing through the human body that is likely to cause death? A. 10 microamperes T0A03 (C) What is connected to the green wire in a three-wire electrical plug? A. Neutral T0A04 (B) What is the purpose of a fuse in an electrical circuit? A. To make sure enough power reaches the circuit T0A05 (C) What might happen if you install a 20-ampere fuse in your transceiver in the place of a 5-ampere fuse? A. The larger fuse would better protect your transceiver from T0A06 (D) What is a good way to guard against electrical shock at your station? A. Use 3-wire cords and plugs for all AC powered equipment T0A07 (C) What is the most important thing to consider when installing an emergency disconnect switch at your station? A. It must always be as near to the operator as possible T0A08 (D) What precautions should be taken when a lightning storm is expected? A. Disconnect the antenna cables from your station and move them T0A09 (C) What is one way to recharge a 12-volt battery if the commercial power is out? A. You cannot recharge a battery unless the power is back on T0A10 (D) What kind of hazard is presented by a conventional 12-volt storage battery? A. It contains dangerous acid that can spill and cause injury T0A11 (A) What can happen if a storage battery is charged or discharged too quickly? A. The battery could overheat and give off dangerous gas or T0A12 (C) What is the most important reason to have a lightning protection system for your amateur radio station? A. Lower insurance rates T0A13 (D) What kind of hazard might exist in a power supply when it is turned off and disconnected? A. Static electricity could damage the grounding system T0B - Antenna installation, tower safety, overhead power lines - 1 exam question T0B01 (C) Why should you wear a hard hat and safety glasses if you are on the ground helping someone work on an antenna tower? A. It is required by FCC rules T0B02 (C) What is a good precaution to observe before climbing an antenna tower? A. Turn on all radio transmitters T0B03 (D) What should you do before you climb a tower? A. Arrange for a helper or observer T0B04 (B) What is an important consideration when putting up an antenna? A. Carefully tune it for a low SWR T0B05 (A) [97.15(A)] What must be considered when erecting an antenna near an airport? A. The maximum allowed height with regard to nearby airports T0B06 (D) What is the most important safety precaution to observe when putting up an antenna tower? A. Install steps on the tower for safe climbing T0B07 (D) How should the guy wires for an antenna tower be installed? A. So each guy wire anchor point has an even number of wires T0B08 (D) What is a safe distance from a power line to allow when installing an antenna? A. Half the width of your property unless the wires are at least T0B09 (D) What is the most important safety rule to remember when using a crank-up tower? A. This type of tower must never be painted T0B10 (C) Why is stainless steel hardware used on many antennas instead of other metals? A. Stainless steel is a better electrical conductor T0B11 (C) What is considered to be an adequate ground for a tower? A. A single 4 foot ground rod, driven into the earth no more than T0C - RF hazards, radiation exposure, RF heating hazards, proximity to antennas, recognized safe power levels, hand held safety, exposure to others - 1 exam question T0C01 (D) What type of radiation are VHF and UHF radio signals? A. Gamma radiation T0C02 (B) When can radio waves cause injury to the human body? A. Only when the frequency is below 30 MHz T0C03 (C) [97.13(C)(1)] What is the maximum power level that an amateur radio station may use at frequencies above 30 MHz before an RF exposure evaluation is required? A. 1500 watts PEP transmitter output T0C04 (D) What factors affect the RF exposure of people near an amateur transmitter? A. Frequency and power level of the RF field T0C05 (D) Why must the frequency of an RF source be considered when evaluating RF radiation exposure? A. Lower frequency RF fields have more energy than higher T0C06 (D) [97.13(c)(1)] How can you determine that your station complies with FCC RF exposure regulations? A. By calculation based on FCC OET Bulletin 65 T0C07 (B) What could happen if a person accidentally touched your antenna while you were transmitting? A. Touching the antenna could cause television interference T0C08 (D) What action might amateur operators take to prevent exposure to RF radiation in excess of FCC supplied limits? A. Alter antenna patterns T0C09 (B) How can you make sure your station stays in compliance with RF safety regulations? A. Compliance is not necessary T0C10 (A) Which of the following units of measurement is used to measure RF radiation exposure? A. Milliwatts per square centimeter T0C11 (A) Why is duty cycle one of the factors used to determine safe RF radiation exposure levels? A. It takes into account the amount of time the transmitter is
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