T1A01 Who is an amateur operator as defined in Part 97? A person named in an amateur operator/primary license grant in the FCC ULS database T1A02 What is one of the basic purposes of the Amateur Radio Service as defined in Part 97? To provide a voluntary noncommercial communications service to the public, particularly in times of emergency T1A03 What classes of US amateur radio licenses may currently be earned by examination? Technician, General, Extra T1A04 Who is a Volunteer Examiner? An amateur accredited by one or more VECs who volunteers to administer amateur license exams T1A05 How long is a CSCE valid for license upgrade purposes? 365 days T1A06 How many and what class of Volunteer Examiners are required to administer an Element 2 Technician written exam? Three Examiners holding a General Class license or higher T1A07 (B) [97.5] Who makes and enforces the rules for the Amateur Radio Service in the United States? The Federal Communications Commission T1A08 What are two of the five fundamental purposes for the Amateur Radio Service? To increase the number of trained radio operators and electronics experts, and improve international goodwill T1A09 What is the definition of an amateur radio station? A station in an Amateur Radio Service consisting of the apparatus necessary for carrying on radio communications T1A10 What is a transmission called that disturbs other communications? Harmful interference T1B - ITU regions, international regulations, US call sign structure, special event calls, vanity call signs - 1 exam question T1B01 What is the ITU? The International Telecommunication Union T1B02 What is the purpose of ITU Regions? They are used to assist in the management of frequency allocations T1B03 What system does the FCC use to select new amateur radio call signs? Call signs are assigned in sequential order T1B04 What FCC call sign program might you use to obtain a call sign containing your initials? The vanity call sign program T1B05 How might an amateur radio club obtain a club station call sign? By applying through a Club Station Call Sign Administrator T1B06 Who is eligible to apply for temporary use of a 1-by-1 format Special Event call sign? Any FCC-licensed amateur T1B07 When are you allowed to operate your amateur station in a foreign country? When there is a reciprocal operating agreement between the countries T1B08 Which of the following call signs is a valid US amateur call? KB3TMJ T1B09 What letters must be used for the first letter in US amateur call signs? A, K, N and W T1B10 What numbers are used in US amateur call signs? A single digit, 0 through 9 T1C – Authorized frequencies (Technician), reciprocal licensing, operation near band edges, spectrum sharing – 1 exam question T1C01 (C) [97.5(a)] What is required before you can control an amateur station in the US? You must be named in the FCC amateur license database, or be an alien with reciprocal operating authorization T1C02 Where does a US amateur license allow you to transmit? From wherever the Amateur Radio Service is regulated by the FCC or where reciprocal agreements are in place T1C03 Under what conditions are amateur stations allowed to communicate with stations operating in other radio services? When authorized by the FCC T1C04 Which frequency is within the 6-meter band? 52.525 MHz T1C05 Which amateur band are you using when transmitting on 146.52 MHz? 2 meter band T1C06 Which 70-centimeter frequency is authorized to a Technician class license holder operating in ITU Region 2? 443.350 MHz T1C07 Which 23 centimeter frequency is authorized to a Technician class license holder operating in ITU Region 2? 1296 MHz T1C08 What amateur band are you using if you are operating on 223.50 MHz? 1.25 meter band T1C09 What do the FCC rules mean when an amateur frequency band is said to be available on a secondary basis? Amateurs may not cause harmful interference to primary users T1C10 When may a US amateur operator communicate with an amateur in a foreign country? At any time unless prohibited by either government T1C11 Which of the following types of communications are not permitted in the Amateur Radio Service? Communications on a regular basis that could reasonably be furnished alternatively through other radio services T1D - The station license, correct name and address on file, license term, renewals, grace period – 1 exam question T1D01 Which of the following services are issued an operator station license by the FCC? Amateur Radio Service T1D02 Who can become an amateur licensee in the US? Anyone except a representative of a foreign government T1D03 What is the minimum age required to hold an amateur license? There is no minimum age requirement T1D04 What government agency grants your amateur radio license? The Federal Communications Commission T1D05 How soon may you transmit after passing the required examination elements for your first amateur radio license? As soon as your license grant appears in the FCC's ULS database T1D06 What is the normal term for an amateur station license grant? 10 years T1D07 What is the grace period during which the FCC will renew an expired 10-year license without re-examination? 2 years T1D08 What is your responsibility as a station licensee? Your station must be operated in accordance with the FCC rules T1D09 When may the FCC revoke or suspend a license if the mailing address of the holder is not current with the FCC? If mail is returned to the FCC as undeliverable T1D10 The FCC requires which address to be kept up to date on the Universal Licensing System database? The station licensee mailing address T1D11 When are you permitted to continue to transmit if you forget to renew your amateur license and it expires? Transmitting is not allowed until the license is renewed and appears on the FCC ULS database T1D12 Why must an Amateur radio operator have a correct name and mailing address on file with the FCC? To receive mail delivery from the FCC by the United States Postal Service SUBELEMENT T2 - Control operator duties – 4 exam questions – 4 groups T2A - Prohibited communications: music, broadcasting, codes and ciphers, business use, permissible communications, bulletins, code practice, incidental music – 1 exam question T2A01 When is an amateur station authorized to transmit information to the general public? Never T2A03 When is the transmission of codes or ciphers allowed to hide the meaning of a message transmitted by an amateur station? Only when transmitting control commands to space stations or radio control craft T2A04 When may an amateur station transmit false or deceptive signals? Never T2A05 When may an amateur station transmit unidentified communications? Only when sent from a space station or to control a model craft T2A06 What does the term broadcasting mean? Transmissions intended for reception by the general public, either direct or relayed T2A07 Which of the following are specifically prohibited in the Amateur Radio Service? Indecent and obscene language T2A08 Which of the following one-way communications may not be transmitted in the Amateur Radio Service? Broadcasts intended for reception by the general public T2A09 When does the FCC allow an amateur radio station to be used as a method of communication for hire or material compensation? Only when in accordance with part 97 rules T2A10 What type of communications are prohibited when using a repeater autopatch? Calls to your employer requesting directions to a customer's office T2A11 When may you use your station to tell people about equipment you have for sale? When you are offering amateur radio equipment for sale or trade on an occasional basis T2B - Basic identification requirements, repeater ID standards, identification for non-voice modes, identification requirements for mobile and portable operation – 1 exam question T2B01 What must you transmit to identify your amateur station? Your call sign T2B02 What is a transmission called that does not contain a station identification? Unidentified communications or signals T2B03 How often must an amateur station transmit the assigned call sign? Every 10 minutes during communications and at the end of each communication T2B04 What is an acceptable method of transmitting a repeater station identification? By phone using the English language By video image conforming to applicable standards By Morse code at a speed not to exceed 20 words per minute T2B05 What identification is required when two amateur stations end communications? Each station must transmit its own call sign T2B06 What is the longest period of time an amateur station can operate without transmitting its call sign? 10 minutes T2B07 What is a permissible way to identify your station when you are speaking to another amateur operator using a language other than English? You must identify using the English language T2B08 How often must you identify using your assigned call sign when operating while using a special event call sign? Once per hour T2B09 What is required when using one or more self-assigned indicators with your assigned call sign? The indicator must not conflict with an indicator specified by FCC rules or with a prefix assigned to another country T2B10 What is the correct way to identify when visiting a station if you hold a higher class license than that of the station licensee and you are using a frequency not authorized to his class of license? Send his call sign first, followed by your call sign T2B11 When exercising the operating privileges earned by examination upgrade of a license what is meant by use of the indicator "/AG"? Authorized General T2C – Definition of control operator, location of control operator, automatic and remote control, auxiliary stations – 1 exam question T2C01 What must every amateur station have when transmitting? A control operator T2C02 How many amateur operator / primary station licenses may be held by one person? Only one T2C03 What minimum class of amateur license must you hold to be a control operator of a repeater station? Technician T2C04 Who is responsible for the transmissions from an amateur station? Control operator T2C05 When must an amateur station have a control operator? Whenever the station is transmitting T2C06 What is the control point of an amateur station? The location at which the control operator function is performed T2C07 What type of amateur station does not require a control operator to be at the control point? An automatically controlled station T2C08 What are the three types of station control permitted and recognized by FCC rule? Local, remote and automatic control T2C09 What type of control is being used on a repeater when the control operator is not present? Automatic control T2C10 What type of control is being used when transmitting using a handheld radio? Local control T2C11 What type of control is used when the control operator is not at the station location but can still make changes to a transmitter? Remote control T2C12 What is the definition of a control operator of an amateur station? An operator designated by the licensee to be responsible for the station's transmissions to assure compliance with FCC rules T2D - Operating another person's station, guest operators at your station, third party communications, autopatch, incidental business use, compensation of operators, club stations, station security, station inspection, protection against unauthorized transmissions – 1 exam question T2D01 Who is responsible for proper operation if you transmit from another amateur's station? Both of you T2D02 What operating privileges are allowed when another amateur holding a higher class license is controlling your station? All privileges allowed by the higher class license T2D03 What operating privileges are allowed when you are the control operator at the station of another amateur who has a higher class license than yours? Only the privileges allowed by your license T2D04 Which of the following is a prohibited amateur radio transmission? Using amateur radio for conducting business T2D05 What is the definition of third-party communications? A message sent between two amateur stations for someone else T2D06 How many persons are required to be members of a club for a club station license to be issued by the FCC? At least 4 T2D07 When may you operate your amateur station aboard an aircraft? Only with the approval of the pilot in command and not using the aircraft's radio equipment T2D08 When is the FCC allowed to inspect your station equipment and station records? At any time upon request T2D09 How might you best keep unauthorized persons from using your amateur station? Disconnect the power and microphone cables when not using your equipment T2D10 Why are unlicensed persons in your family not allowed to transmit on your amateur station if you are not there? They must be licensed before they are allowed to be control operators T2D11 When is it permissible for the control operator of a club station to accept compensation for sending information bulletins or Morse code practice? When the station makes those transmissions for at least 40 hours per week SUBELEMENT T3 – Operating practices – 4 exam questions – 4 groups T3A - Choosing an operating frequency, calling CQ, calling another station, test transmissions – 1 exam question T3A01 Which of the following should you do when selecting a frequency on which to transmit? Listen to determine if the frequency is busy T3A02 How do you call another station on a repeater if you know the station's call sign? Say the station's call sign then identify your own station T3A03 How do you indicate you are looking for any station with which to make contact? CQ followed by your callsign T3A04 What should you transmit when responding to a call of CQ? The other station’s callsign followed by your callsign T3A05 What term describes a brief test transmission that does not include any station identification? An illegal unidentified transmission T3A06 What must an amateur do when making a transmission to test equipment or antennas? Properly identify the station T3A07 Which of the following is true when making a test transmission? Station identification is required at least every ten minutes and at the end of every transmission. T3A08 What is the meaning of the procedural signal "CQ"? Calling any station T3A09 Why should you avoid using cute phrases or word combinations to identify your station? They are not easily understood by some operators T3A10 What brief statement is often used in place of "CQ" to indicate that you are listening for calls on a repeater? Say your call sign T3A11 Why should you use the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) phonetic alphabet when identifying your station? The words are internationally recognized substitutes for letters T3B - Use of minimum power, band plans, repeater coordination, mode restricted sub-bands – 1 exam question T3B01 What is a band plan? A voluntary guideline, beyond the divisions established by the FCC for using different operating modes within an amateur band T3B02 Which of the following statements is true of band plans? They are voluntary guidelines for efficient use of the radio spectrum T3B03 Who developed the band plans used by amateur radio operators? The amateur community T3B04 Who is in charge of the repeater frequency band plan in your local area? The recognized frequency coordination body T3B05 What is the main purpose of repeater coordination? To reduce interference and promote proper use of spectrum T3B06 Who is accountable if a repeater station inadvertently retransmits communications that violate FCC rules? The transmitting station T3B07 Which of these statements is true about legal power levels on the amateur bands? An amateur must use the minimum transmitter power necessary to carry out the desired communication T3B08 Which of the bands available to Technician class licensees have mode restricted sub-bands? The 6-meter, 2-meter, and 1 1/4-meter bands T3B09 (A) What emission modes are permitted in the restricted sub-band at 50.0-50.1 MHz? CW only T3B10 What emission modes are permitted in the restricted sub-band at 144.0-144.1 MHz? CW only T3B11 What emission modes are permitted in the restricted portion of the 1 1/4-meter band? CW and Data T3C - Courtesy and respect for others, sensitive subject areas, obscene and indecent language – 1 exam question T3C01 What is the proper way to break into a conversation between two stations that are using the frequency? Say your call sign between their transmissions T3C02 What is considered to be proper repeater operating practice? monitor before transmitting and keep transmitions short identify legally and use mthe minimum amount of transmitter power necessary. T3C03 What should you do before responding to another stations call? Make sure you are operating on a permissible frequency for your license class T3C04 What rule applies if two amateur stations want to use the same frequency? No frequency will be assigned for the exclusive use of any station and neither has priority T3C05 Why is indecent and obscene language prohibited in the Amateur Service? Because it is offensive to some individuals Because young children may intercept amateur communications with readily available receiving equipment Because such language is specifically prohibited by FCC Rules T3C06 Why should amateur radio operators avoid the use of racial or ethnic slurs when talking to other stations? It is offensive to some people and reflects a poor public image on all amateur radio operators T3C07 What should you do if you hear a newly licensed operator that is having trouble with their station? Contact them and offer to help with the problem T3C08 Where can an official list be found of prohibited obscene and indecent words that should not be used in amateur radio? There is no official list of prohibited obscene and indecent words T3C09 What type of subjects are not prohibited communications while using amateur radio? Political discussions Jokes and stories Religious preferences T3C10 When circumstances are not specifically covered by FCC rules what general operating standard must be applied to amateur station operation? Good engineering and amateur practices T3D - Interference to and from consumer devices, public relations, intentional and unintentional interference - 1 exam question T3D01 What should you do if you receive a report that your transmissions are causing splatter or interference on nearby frequencies? Check transmitter for off frequency operation or spurious emissions ~~ T302 Who is responsible for taking care of the interference if signals from your transmitter are causing front end overload in your neighbor's television receiver? The owner of the television receiver is responsible T3D03 What is the major cause of telephone interference? The telephone was not equipped with adequate interference protection when manufactured. T3D04 What is the proper course of action if you unintentionally interfere with another station? Properly identify your station and move to a different frequency T3D05 When may you deliberately interfere with another station's communications? Never T3D06 Who has exclusive use of a specific frequency when the FCC has not declared a communication emergency? No station has exclusive use of any frequency T3D07 What effect might a break in a cable television transmission line have on amateur communications? TV interference may result when the amateur station is transmitting, or interference may occur to the amateur receiver T3D08 What is the best way to reduce on the air interference when testing your transmitter? Use a dummy load when testing T3D09 What rules apply to your station when using amateur radio at the request of public service officials or at the scene of an emergency? FCC T3D10 What do RACES and ARES have in common? Both organizations provide communications during emergencies T3D11 What is meant by receiver front-end overload? Interference caused by strong signals from a nearby source SUBELEMENT T4 – Radio and electronic fundamentals – 5 exam questions – 5 groups T4A – Names of electrical units, DC and AC, what is a radio signal, conductors and insulators, electrical components - 1 exam question T4A01 Electrical current is measured in which of the following units? Amperes T4A02 Electrical Power is measured in which of the following units? Watts T4A03 What is the name for the flow of electrons in an electric circuit? Current T4A04 What is the name of a current that flows only in one direction? A direct current T4A05 What is the standard unit of frequency? The Hertz T4A06 How much voltage does an automobile battery usually supply? About 12 volts T4A07 What is the basic unit of resistance? The ohm T4A08 What is the name of a current that reverses direction on a regular basis? An alternating current T4A09 Which of the following is a good electrical conductor? Copper T4A10 Which of the following is a good electrical insulator? Glass T4A11 What is the term used to describe opposition to current flow in ordinary conductors such as wires? Resistance T4A12 What instrument is used to measure the flow of current in an electrical circuit? Ammeter T4A13 What instrument is used to measure Electromotive Force (EMF) between two points such as the poles of a battery? Voltmeter T4B – relationship between frequency and wavelength, identification of bands, names of frequency ranges, types of waves – 1 exam question T4 B01 What is the name for the distance a radio wave travels during one complete cycle? Wavelength T4B02 What term describes the number of times that an alternating current flows back and forth per second? frequency T4B03 What does 60 hertz (Hz) mean? 60 cycles per second T4B04 Electromagnetic waves that oscillate more than 20,000 times per second as they travel through space are generally referred to as what? Radio waves T4B05 How fast does a radio wave travel through space? At the speed of light T4B06 How does the wavelength of a radio wave relate to its frequency? The wavelength gets shorter as the frequency increases T4B07 What is the formula for converting frequency to wavelength in meters? Wavelength in meters equals 300 divided by frequency in megahertz T4B08 What are sound waves in the range between 300 and 3000 Hertz called? Voice frequencies T4B09 What property of a radio wave is often used to identify the different bands amateur radio operators use? The physical length of the wave T4B10 What is the frequency range of the 2 meter band in the United States? 144 to 148 MHz T4B11 What is the frequency range of the 6 meter band in the United States? 50 to 54 MHz T4B12 What is the frequency range of the 70 centimeter band in the United States? 420 to 450 MHz T4C - How radio works: receivers, transmitters, transceivers, amplifiers, power supplies, types of batteries, service life – 1 exam question T4C01 (B) What is used to convert radio signals into sounds we can hear? Receiver T4C02 What is used to convert sounds from our voice into radio signals? Transmitter T4C03 What two devices are combined into one unit in a transceiver? Receiver, transmitter T4C04 What device is used to convert the alternating current from a wall outlet into low-voltage direct current? Power Supply T4C05 What device is used to increase the output of a 10 watt radio to 100 watts? Amplifier T4C06 (D) Which of the battery types listed below offers the longest life when used with a hand-held radio, assuming each battery is the same physical size? Lithium-ion T4C07 What is the nominal voltage per cell of a fully charged nickel- cadmium battery? 1.2 volts T4C08 What battery type on this list is not designed to be re-charged? Carbon-zinc T4C09 What is required to keep rechargeable batteries in good condition and ready for emergencies? They must be inspected for physical damage and replaced if necessary They should be stored in a cool and dry location They must be given a maintenance recharge at least every 6 months T4C10 What is the best way to get the most amount of energy from a battery? Draw current from the battery at the slowest rate needed T4D – Ohms law relationships – 1 exam question T4D01 What formula is used to calculate current in a circuit? Current (I) equals voltage (E) divided by resistance (R) T4D02 What formula is used to calculate voltage in a circuit? Voltage (E) equals current (I) multiplied by resistance (R) T4D03 What formula is used to calculate resistance in a circuit? Resistance (R) equals voltage (E) divided by current (I) T4D04 (B) What is the resistance of a circuit when a current of 3 amperes flows through a resistor connected to 90 volts? 30 ohms T4D05 What is the resistance in a circuit where the applied voltage is 12 volts and the current flow is 1.5 amperes? 8 ohms T4D06 What is the current flow in a circuit with an applied voltage of 120 volts and a resistance of 80 ohms? 1.5 amperes T4D07 What is the voltage across the resistor if a current of 0.5 amperes flows through a 2 ohm resistor? 1 volt T4D08 What is the voltage across the resistor if a current of 1 ampere flows through a 10 ohm resistor? 10 volts T4D09 What is the voltage across the resistor if a current of 2 amperes flows through a 10 ohm resistor? 20 volts T4D10 What is the current flowing through a 100 ohm resistor connected across 200 volts? 2 amperes T4D11 What is the current flowing through a 24 ohm resistor connected across 240 volts? 10 amperes T4E - Power calculations, units, kilo, mega, milli, micro - 1 exam question T4E01 (D) What unit is used to describe electrical power? Watt T4E02 What is the formula used to calculate electrical power in a DC circuit? A. Power (P) equals voltage (E) multiplied by current (I) T4E03 How much power is represented by a voltage of 13.8 volts DC and a current of 10 amperes? 138 watts T4E04 How much power is being used in a circuit when the voltage is 120 volts DC and the current is 2.5 amperes? 300 watts T4E05 How can you determine how many watts are being drawn by your transceiver when you are transmitting? Measure the DC voltage at the transceiver and multiply by the current drawn when you transmit T4E06 How many amperes are flowing in a circuit when the applied voltage is 120 volts DC and the load is 1200 watts? 10 amperes T4E07 How many milliamperes is the same as 1.5 amperes? 1500 milliamperes T4E08 What is another way to specify the frequency of a radio signal that is oscillating at 1,500,000 Hertz? 1500 kHz T4E09 How many volts are equal to one kilovolt? one thousand volts T4E10 How many volts are equal to one microvolt? one one-millionth of a volt T4E11 How many watts does a hand-held transceiver put out if the output power is 500 milliwatts? 0.5 watts SUBELEMENT T5 – Station setup and operation - 4 exam questions – 4 groups T5A - Station hookup – microphone, speaker, headphones, filters, power source, connecting a computer – 1 exam question T5A01 What does a microphone connect to in a basic amateur radio station? The transmitter T5A02 Which piece of station equipment converts electrical signals to sound waves? speaker T5A03 What is the term used to describe what happens when a microphone and speaker are too close to each other? Audio feedback T5A04 What could you use in place of a regular speaker to help you copy signals in a noisy area? A set of headphones T5A05 What is a good reason for using a regulated power supply for communications equipment? To protect equipment from voltage fluctuations T5A06 Where must a filter be installed to reduce spurious emissions? At the transmitter T5A07 What type of filter should be connected to a TV receiver as the first step in trying to prevent RF overload from a nearby 2-meter transmitter? Notch filter T5A08 What is connected between the transceiver and computer terminal in a packet radio station? Terminal Node Controller T5A09 Which of these items is not required for a packet radio station? Microphone T5A10 What can be used to connect a radio with a computer for data transmission? Sound Card T5B - Operating controls – 1 exam question T5B01 (B) What may happen if a transmitter is operated with the microphone gain set too high? It may cause the signal to become distorted and unreadable T5B02 What kind of information may a VHF/UHF transceiver be capable of storing in memory? Transmit and receive operating frequency CTCSS tone frequency Transmit power level T5B03 What is one way to select a frequency on which to operate? Use the keypad or VFO knob to enter the correct frequency T5B04 What is the purpose of the squelch control on a transceiver? It is used to quiet noise when no signal is being received T5B05 What is a way to enable quick access to a favorite frequency on your transceiver? Store the frequency in a memory channel T5B06 What might you do to improve the situation if the station you are listening to is hard to copy because of ignition noise interference? Turn on the noise blanker T5B07 What is the purpose of the buttons labeled "up" and "down" on many microphones? To allow easy frequency or memory selection T5B08 What is the purpose of the "shift" control found on many VHF/UHF transceivers? Adjust the offset between transmit and receive frequency T5B09 What does RIT mean? Receiver Incremental Tuning T5B10 What is the purpose of the "step" menu function found on many transceivers? It sets the tuning rate when changing frequencies T5B11 What is the purpose of the "function" or "F" key found on many transceivers? It selects an alternate action for some control buttons T5C – Repeaters; repeater and simplex operating techniques, offsets, selective squelch, open and closed repeaters, linked repeaters - 1 exam question T5C01 What is one purpose of a repeater? To cxtend the usable range of mobile and low-power stations t5C02 What is a courtesy tone? A tone used to indicate when a transmission is complete T5C03 Which of the following is the most important information to know before using a repeater? The repeater input and output frequencies T5C04 Why should you pause briefly between transmissions when using a repeater? To listen for anyone wanting to break in T5C05 What is the most common input/output frequency offset for repeaters in the 2-meter band? 0.6 MHz T5C06 What is the most common input/output frequency offset for repeaters in the 70-centimeter band? 5.0 MHz T5C07 What is meant by the terms input and output frequency when referring to repeater operations? The repeater receives on one frequency and transmits on another T5C08 What is the meaning of the term simplex operation? Transmitting and receiving on the same frequency T5C09 What is a reason to use simplex instead of a repeater? To avoid tying up the repeater when direct contact is possible T5C10 How might you find out if you could communicate with a station using simplex instead of a repeater? Check the repeater input frequency to see if you can hear the other station T5C11 What is the term for a series of repeaters that can be connected to one another to provide users with a wider coverage? Linked repeater system T5C12 What is the main reason repeaters should be approved by the local frequency coordinator before being installed? Coordination minimizes interference between repeaters and makes the most efficient use of available frequencies T5C13 Which of the following statements regarding use of repeaters is true? B. Access to any repeater may be limited by the repeater owner T5C14 What term is used to describe a repeater when use is restricted to the members of a club or group? A closed repeater T5D – Recognition and correction of problems, symptoms of overload and overdrive, distortion, over and under modulation, RF feedback, off frequency signals, fading and noise, problems with digital communications links – 1 exam question T5D01 What is meant by fundamental overload in reference to a receiver? Interference caused by very strong signals from a nearby source T5D02 Which of the following is NOT a cause of radio frequency interference? Doppler shift T5D03 What is the most likely cause of telephone interference from a nearby transmitter? A. The transmitter's signals are causing the telephone to act like a radio receiver T5D04 What is a logical first step when attempting to cure a radio frequency interference problem in a nearby telephone? Install an RF filter at the telephone T5D05 What should you do first if someone tells you that your transmissions are interfering with their TV reception? Make sure that your station is operating properly and that it does not cause interference to your own television T5D07 Which of the following may be useful in correcting a radio frequency interference problem? Snap-on ferrite chokes Low-pass and high-pass filters Notch and band-pass filters T5D08 What is the proper course of action to take when a neighbor reports that your radio signals are interfering with something in his home? Check your station and make sure it meets the standards of good amateur practice T5D09 What should you do if a "Part 15" device in your neighbor’s home is causing harmful interference to your amateur station? Work with your neighbor to identify the offending device Politely inform your neighbor about the rules that require him to stop using the device if it causes interference Check your station and make sure it meets the standards of good amateur practice T5D10 What could be happening if another operator tells you he is hearing a variable high-pitched whine on the signals from your mobile transmitter? The power wiring for your radio is picking up noise from the vehicle's electrical system T5D11 What may be the problem if another operator reports that your SSB signal is very garbled and breaks up? RF energy may be getting into the microphone circuit and causing feedback T5D12 What might be the problem if you receive a report that your signal through the repeater is distorted or weak? Your transmitter may be slightly off frequency Your batteries may be running low You could be in a bad location T5D13 What is one of the reasons to use digital signals instead of analog signals to communicate with another station? Many digital systems can automatically correct errors caused by noise and interference SUBELEMENT T6 – Communications modes and methods – 3 exam questions - 3 groups T6A - Modulation modes, descriptions and bandwidth (AM, FM, SSB) – 1 exam question T6A01 What are phone transmissions? Voice transmissions by radio T6A02 Which of the following is a form of amplitude modulation? Single sideband T6A03 What name is given to an amateur radio station that is used to connect other amateur stations to the Internet? A gateway T6A04 (C) Which type of voice modulation is most often used for long distance and weak signal contacts on the VHF and UHF bands? SSB T6A05 Which type of modulation is most commonly used for VHF and UHF voice repeaters? FM T6A06 Which emission type has the narrowest bandwidth? CW T6A07 Which sideband is normally used for VHF and UHF SSB communications? Upper sideband T6A08 What is the primary advantage of single sideband over FM for voice transmissions? SSB signals use much less bandwidth than FM signals T6A09 What is the approximate bandwidth of a single-sideband voice signal? D. Between 2 and 3 kHz ~~ T6A10 What is the approximate bandwidth of a frequency-modulated voice signal? C. Between 5 and 15 kHz T6A11 What is the normal bandwidth required for a conventional fast-scan TV transmission using combined video and audio on the 70centimeter band? About 6 MHz T6B - Voice communications, EchoLink and IRLP – 1 exam question T6B01 How is information transmitted between stations using Echolink? Internet T6B02 What does the abbreviation IRLP mean? Internet Radio Linking Project T6B03 Who may operate on the Echolink system? Any licensed amateur radio operator T6B04 (A) What technology do Echolink and IRLP have in common? Voice over Internet protocol T6B05 What method is used to transfer data by IRLP? Voice over Internet protocol T6B06 What does the term IRLP describe? A method of linking between two or more amateur stations using the Internet T6B07 Which one of the following allows computer-to-radio linking for voice transmission? B. EchoLink T6B08 What are you listening to if you hear a brief tone and then a station from Russia calling CQ on a 2-meter repeater? C. An Internet linked DX station T6B10 Where might you find a list of active nodes using VoIP? A repeater directory or the Internet T6B11 When using a portable transceiver how do you select a specific IRLP node? D. Use the keypad to transmit the IRLP node numbers T6C – Non-voice communications - image communications, data, CW, packet, PSK31, Morse code techniques, Q signals – 1 exam question T6C01 Which of the following is an example of a digital communications method? Packet radio T6C02 What does the term APRS mean? Automatic Position Reporting System T6C03 What item is required along with your normal radio for sending automatic location reports? A global positioning system receiver T6C04 What type of transmission is indicated by the term NTSC? A standard fast scan color television signal T6C05 What emission mode may be used by a Technician class operator in the 219 -220 MHz frequency range? Point-to-point digital message forwarding T6C06 What does the abbreviation PSK mean? Phase Shift Keying T6C07 What is PSK31? A low-rate data transmission mode that works well in noisy conditions T6C08 What sending speed is recommended when using Morse code? Any speed at which you can reliably receive T6C09 What is a practical reason for being able to copy CW when using repeaters? To recognize a repeater ID sent in Morse code T6C10 What is the "Q" signal used to indicate that you are receiving interference from other stations? QRM T6C11 What is the "Q" signal used to indicate that you are changing frequency? QSY SUBELEMENT T7 – Special operations – 2 exam questions – 2 groups T7A – Operating in the field, radio direction finding, radio control, contests, special event stations – 1 exam question T7A01 What is a good thing to have when operating a hand-held transceiver away from home? C. One or more fully charged spare battery packs T7A02 Which of these items would probably not be very useful to include in an emergency response kit? A 1500 watt output linear amplifier T7A03 How can you make the signal from a hand-held radio stronger when operating in the field? Use an external antenna instead of the rubber-duck antenna T7A04 What would be a good thing to have when operating from a location that includes lots of crowd noise? A combination headset and microphone T7A05 What is a method used to locate sources of noise interference or jamming? Radio direction finding T7A06 Which of these items would be the most useful for a hidden transmitter hunt? A directional antenna T7A07 What is a popular operating activity that involves contacting as many stations as possible during a specified period of time? Contesting T7A09 What is a grid locator? A letter-number designator assigned to a geographic location T7A10 What is a special event station? A temporary station that operates in conjunction with an activity of special significance T7A11 What is the maximum power allowed when transmitting telecommand signals to radio controlled models? 1 watt T7A12 What is the station identification requirement when sending commands to a radio control model using amateur frequencies? A label indicating the licensee's call sign and address must be affixed to the transmitter T7B – Satellite operation, Doppler shift, satellite sub bands, LEO, orbit calculation, split frequency operation, operating protocols, AMSAT, ISS communications – 1 exam question T7B01 What class of license is required to use amateur satellites? A. Any amateur whose license allows them to transmit on the satellite uplink frequency T7B02 How much power should you use to transmit when using an amateur satellite? The minimum amount of power needed to complete the contact T7B03 What is something you can do when using an amateur radio satellite? Talk to amateur radio operators in other countries T7B04 Who may make contact with an astronaut on the International Space Station using amateur radio frequencies? Any amateur with a Technician or higher class license T7B05 What is a satellite beacon? A signal that contains information about a satellite T7B06 What should you use to determine when you can access an amateur satellite? A satellite tracking program T7B07 What is Doppler shift? A change in signal frequency caused by motion through space T7B08 What is the name of the group that coordinates the building and/or launch of the largest number of amateur radio satellites? AMSAT T7B09 What is a satellite sub-band? A portion of a band where satellite operations are permitted T7B10 What is the satellite sub-band on 70-CM? 435 to 438 MHz T7B11 What do the initials LEO tell you about an amateur satellite? A. The satellite battery is in Low Energy Operation mode B. The satellite is performing a Lunar Ejection Orbit maneuver C. The satellite is in a Low Earth Orbit D. The satellite uses Light Emitting Optics ~~ SUBELEMENT T8 – Emergency and Public Service Communications – 3 exam questions – 3 groups T8A - FCC declarations of an emergency, use of non-amateur equipment and frequencies, use of equipment by unlicensed persons, tactical call signs – 1 exam question T8A01 (C) [97.401(b)] What information is included in an FCC declaration of a temporary state of communication emergency? A. A list of organizations authorized to use radio communications in the affected area B. A list of amateur frequency bands to be used in the affected area C. Any special conditions and rules to be observed during the emergency D. An operating schedule for authorized amateur emergency stations ~~ T8A02 (B) [97.113(a)(3)] Under what conditions are amateur stations allowed to communicate with stations operating in other radio services? A. When communicating with the space shuttle B. When specially authorized by the FCC, or in an actual emergency C. When communicating with stations in the Citizens Radio Service D. When a commercial broadcast station is reporting news during a natural disaster ~~ T8A03 (D) What should you do if you are in contact with another station and an emergency call is heard? A. Tell the calling station that the frequency is in use B. Direct the calling station to the nearest emergency net frequency C. Disregard the call and continue with your contact D. Stop your contact immediately and take the emergency call ~~ T8A04 (C) What are the restrictions on amateur radio communications after the FCC has declared a communications emergency? A. The emergency declaration prohibits all communications B. There are no restrictions if you have a special emergency certification C. You must avoid those frequencies dedicated to supporting the emergency unless you are participating in the relief effort D. Only military stations are allowed to use the amateur radio frequencies during an emergency ~~ T8A05 (B) What is one reason for using tactical call signs such as "command post" or "weather center" during an emergency? A. They help to keep the general public informed B. They are more efficient and help coordinate public-service communications C. They are required by the FCC D. They increase goodwill and sound professional ~~ T8A06 (A) [97.401(b)] What is legally required to restrict a frequency to emergency-only communication? A. An FCC declaration of a communications emergency B. Determination by the designated net manager for an emergency net C. Authorization by an ARES/RACES emergency coordinator D. A Congressional declaration of intent ~~ T8A07 (D) Who has the exclusive use of a frequency if the FCC has not declared a communication emergency? A. Any net station that has traffic B. The station first occupying the frequency C. Individuals passing health and welfare communications D. No station has exclusive use in this circumstance ~~ T8A08 (B) What should you do if you hear someone reporting an emergency? A. Report the station to the FCC immediately B. Assume the emergency is real and act accordingly C. Ask the other station to move to a different frequency D. Tell the station to call the police on the telephone ~~ T8A09 (D) What is an appropriate way to initiate an emergency call on amateur radio? A. Yell as loudly as you can into the microphone B. Ask if the frequency is in use and wait for someone to give you permission to go ahead before proceeding C. Declare a communications emergency D. Say "Mayday, Mayday, Mayday" followed by "any station come in please" and identify your station ~~ T8A10 (D) What are the penalties for making a false emergency call? A. You could have your license revoked B. You could be fined a large sum of money C. You could be sent to prison D. All of these answers are correct ~~ T8A11 (B) [97.101(c)] What type of communications has priority at all times in the Amateur Radio Service? A. Repeater communications B. Emergency communications C. Simplex communications D. Third-party communications ~~ T8A12 (D) [97.101(c)] When must priority be given to stations providing emergency communications? A. Only when operating under RACES B. Only when an emergency has been declared C. Any time a net control station is on the air D. At all times and on all frequencies ~~ T8B - Preparation for emergency operations, RACES/ARES, safety of life and property, using ham radio at civic events, compensation prohibited – 1 exam question T8B01 (D) What can you do to be prepared for an emergency situation where your assistance might be needed? A. Check at least twice a year to make sure you have all of your emergency response equipment and know where it is B. Make sure you have a way to run your equipment if there is a power failure in your area C. Participate in drills that test your ability to set up and operate in the field D. All of these answers are correct ~~ T8B02 (C) [97.403] When may you use your amateur station to transmit a "SOS" or "MAYDAY" signal? A. Only when you are transmitting from a ship at sea B. Only at 15 and 30 minutes after the hour C. When there is immediate threat to human life or property D. When the National Weather Service has announced a weather warning ~~ T8B03 (A) What is the primary function of RACES in relation to emergency activities? A. RACES organizations are restricted to serving local, state, and federal government emergency management agencies B. RACES supports agencies like the Red Cross, Salvation Army, and National Weather Service C. RACES supports the National Traffic System D. RACES is a part of the National Emergency Warning System ~~ T8B04 (B) What is the primary function of ARES in relation to emergency activities? A. ARES organizations are restricted to serving local, state, and federal government emergency management agencies B. ARES supports agencies like the Red Cross, Salvation Army, and National Weather Service C. ARES groups work only with local school districts D. ARES supports local National Guard units ~~ T8B05 (C) [97.407(a)] What organization must you register with before you can participate in RACES activities? A. A local amateur radio club B. A local racing organization C. The responsible civil defense organization D. The Federal Communications Commission ~~ T8B06 (B) What is necessary before you can join an ARES group? A. You are required to join the ARRL B. You must have an amateur radio license C. You must have an amateur radio license and have Red Cross CPR training D. You must register with a civil defense organization ~~ T8B07 (D) What could be used as an alternate source of power to operate radio equipment during emergencies? A. The battery in a car or truck B. A bicycle generator C. A portable solar panel D. All of these answers are correct ~~ T8B08 (B) [97.403, 97.405(a),(b)] When can you use non-amateur frequencies or equipment to call for help in a situation involving immediate danger to life or property? A. Never; your license only allows you to use the frequencies authorized to your class of license B. In a genuine emergency you may use any means at your disposal to call for help on any frequency C. When you have permission from the owner of the set D. When you have permission from a police officer on the scene ~~ T8B09 (C) Why should casual conversation between stations during a public service event be avoided? A. Such chatter is often interesting to bystanders B. Other listeners might overhear personal information C. Idle chatter may interfere with important traffic D. You might have to change batteries more often ~~ T8B10 (B) What should you do if a reporter asks to use your amateur radio transceiver to make a news report? A. Allow the use but give your call sign every 10 minutes B. Advise them that the FCC prohibits such use C. Tell them it is OK as long as you do not receive compensation D. Tell the reporter that you must approve the material beforehand ~~ T8B11 (C) [97.403, 97.405(a),(b)] When can you use a modified amateur radio transceiver to transmit on the local fire department frequency? A. When you are helping the Fire Department raise money B. Only when the Fire Department is short of regular equipment C. In a genuine emergency you may use any means at your disposal to call for help on any frequency D. When the local Fire Chief has given written permission ~~ T8C - Net operations, responsibilities of the net control station, message handling, interfacing with public safety officials - 1 exam question T8C01 (A) Which type of traffic has the highest priority? A. Emergency traffic B. Priority traffic C. Health and welfare traffic D. Routine traffic ~~ T8C02 (B) What type of messages should not be transmitted over amateur radio frequencies during emergencies? A. Requests for supplies B. Personal information concerning victims C. A schedule of relief operators D. Estimates of how much longer the emergency will last ~~ T8C03 (C) What should you do to minimize disruptions to an emergency traffic net once you have checked in? A. Whenever the net frequency is quiet, announce your call sign and location B. Move 5 kHz away from the net's frequency and use high power to ask other hams to keep clear of the net frequency C. Do not transmit on the net frequency until asked to do so by the net control station D. Wait until the net frequency is quiet, then ask for any emergency traffic for your area ~~ T8C04 (B) What is one thing that must be included when passing emergency messages? A. The call signs of all the stations passing the message B. The name of the person originating the message C. A status report D. The message title ~~ T8C05 (A) What is one way to reduce the chances of casual listeners overhearing sensitive emergency traffic? A. Pass messages using a non-voice mode such as packet radio or Morse code B. Speak as rapidly as possible to reduce your on-air time C. Spell out every word using phonetics D. Restrict transmission of messages to the hours between midnight and 4:00 AM ~~ T8C06 (C) What is of primary importance for a net control station? A. A dual-band transceiver B. A network card C. A strong and clear signal D. The ability to speak several languages ~~ T8C07 (B) What should the net control station do if someone breaks in with emergency traffic? A. Ask them to wait until the roll has been called B. Stop all net activity until the emergency has been handled C. Ask the station to call the local police and then resume normal net activities D. Ask them to move off your net frequency immediately ~~ T8C08 (C) What should you do if a large scale emergency has just occurred and no net control station is available? A. Wait until the assigned net control station comes on the air and pass your traffic when called B. Transmit a call for help and hope someone will hear you C. Open the emergency net immediately and ask for check-ins D. Listen to the local NOAA weather broadcast to find out how long the emergency will last ~~ T8C09 (D) What is the preamble of a message? A. The first paragraph of the message text B. The message number C. The priority handling indicator for the message D. The information needed to track the message as it passes through the amateur radio traffic handling system ~~ T8C10 (A) What is meant by the term "check" in reference to a message? A. The check is a count of the number of words in the message B. The check is the value of a money order attached to the message C. The check is a list of stations that have relayed the message D. The check is a box on the message form that tells you the message was received ~~ T8C11 (B) What is the recommended guideline for the maximum number of words to be included in the text of an emergency message? A. 10 words B. 25 words C. 50 words D. 75 words ~~ SUBELEMENT T9 – Radio waves, propagation, and antennas - 3 exam questions – 3 groups T9A - Antenna types – vertical, horizontal, concept of gain, common portable and mobile antennas, losses with short antennas, relationships between antenna length and frequency, dummy loads - 1 exam question T9A01 (C) What is a beam antenna? A. An antenna built from metal I-beams B. An antenna that transmits and receives equally well in all directions C. An antenna that concentrates signals in one direction D. An antenna that reverses the phase of received signals ~~ T9A02 (C) What is an antenna that consists of a single element mounted perpendicular to the Earth's surface? A. A conical monopole B. A horizontal antenna C. A vertical antenna D. A traveling wave antenna ~~ T9A03 (B) What type of antenna is a simple dipole mounted so the elements are parallel to the Earth's surface? A. A ground wave antenna B. A horizontal antenna C. A rhombic antenna D. A vertical antenna ~~ T9A04 (A) What is a disadvantage of the "rubber duck" antenna supplied with most hand held radio transceivers? A. It does not transmit or receive as effectively as a full sized antenna B. It is much more expensive than a standard antenna C. If the rubber end cap is lost it will unravel very quickly D. It transmits a circular polarized signal ~~ T9A05 (C) How does the physical size of half-wave dipole antenna change with operating frequency? A. It becomes longer as the frequency increases B. It must be made larger because it has to handle more power C. It becomes shorter as the frequency increases D. It becomes shorter as the frequency deceases ~~ T9A06 (B) What is the advantage of 5/8 wavelength over 1/4 wavelength vertical antennas? A. They are easier to match to the feed line than other types B. Their radiation pattern concentrates energy at lower angles C. They pick up less noise D. Their radiation pattern concentrates energy at higher angles ~~ T9A07 (A) What is the primary purpose of a dummy load? A. It does not radiate interfering signals when making tests B. It will prevent over-modulation of your transmitter C. It keeps you from making mistakes while on the air D. It is used for close in work to prevent overloads ~~ T9A08 (C) What type of antennas are the quad, Yagi, and dish? A. Antennas invented after 1985 B. Loop antennas C. Directional or beam antennas D. Antennas that are not permitted for amateur radio stations ~~ T9A09 (D) What is one type of antenna that offers good efficiency when operating mobile and can be easily installed or removed? A. A microwave antenna B. A quad antenna C. A traveling wave antenna D. A magnet mount vertical antenna ~~ T9A10 (A) What is a good reason not to use a "rubber duck" antenna inside your car? A. Signals can be 10 to 20 times weaker than when you are outside of the vehicle B. RF energy trapped inside the vehicle can distort your signal C. You might cause a fire in the vehicle upholstery D. The SWR might increase ~~ T9A11 (C) What is the approximate length, in inches, of a quarter-wavelength vertical antenna for 146 MHz? A. 112 inches B. 50 inches C. 19 inches D. 12 inches ~~ T9A12 (C) What is the approximate length, in inches, of a 6-meter 1/2 wavelength wire dipole antenna? A. 6 inches B. 50 inches C. 112 inches D. 236 inches ~~ T9B – Propagation, fading, multipath distortion, reflections, radio horizon, terrain blocking, wavelength vs. penetration, antenna orientation – 1 exam question T9B01 (C) Why are VHF/UHF signals not normally heard over long distances? A. They are too weak to go very far B. FCC regulations prohibit them from going more than 50 miles C. VHF and UHF signals are usually not reflected by the ionosphere D. They collide with trees and shrubbery and fade out ~~ T9B02 (D) What might be happening when we hear a VHF signal from long distances? A. Signals are being reflected from outer space B. Someone is playing a recording to us C. Signals are being reflected by lightning storms in our area D. A possible cause is sporadic E reflection from a layer in the ionosphere ~~ T9B03 (B) What is the most likely cause of sudden bursts of tones or fragments of different conversations that interfere with VHF or UHF signals? A. The batteries in your transceiver are failing B. Strong signals are overloading the receiver and causing undesired signals to be heard C. The receiver is picking up low orbit satellites D. A nearby broadcast station is having transmitter problems ~~ T9B04 (A) What is the radio horizon? A. The point where radio signals between two points are blocked by the curvature of the Earth B. The distance from the ground to a horizontally mounted antenna C. The farthest point you can see when standing at the base of your antenna tower D. The shortest distance between two points on the Earth's surface ~~ T9B05 (D) What should you do if a station reports that your signals were strong just a moment ago, but now they are weak or distorted? A. Change the batteries in your radio to a different type B. Speak more slowly so he can understand your better C. Ask the other operator to adjust his squelch control D. Try moving a few feet, random reflections may be causing multipath distortion. ~~ T9B06 (B) Why do UHF signals often work better inside of buildings than VHF signals? A. VHF signals lose power faster over distance B. The shorter wavelength of UHF signals allows them to more easily penetrate urban areas and buildings C. This is incorrect; VHF works better than UHF inside buildings D. UHF antennas are more efficient than VHF antennas ~~ T9B07 (C) What is a good thing to remember when using your hand-held VHF or UHF radio to reach a distant repeater? A. Speak as loudly as possible to help your signal go farther B. Keep your transmissions short to conserve battery power C. Keep the antenna as close to vertical as you can D. Turn off the CTCSS tone ~~ T9B08 (B) What can happen if the antennas at opposite ends of a VHF or UHF line of sight radio link are not using the same polarization? A. The modulation sidebands might become inverted B. Signals could be as much as 100 times weaker C. Signals have an echo effect on voices D. Nothing significant will happen ~~ T9B09 (B) What might be a way to reach a distant repeater if buildings or obstructions are blocking the direct line of sight path? A. Change from vertical to horizontal polarization B. Try using a directional antenna to find a path that reflects signals to the repeater C. Ask the repeater owners to repair their receiver D. Transmit on the repeater output frequency ~~ T9B10 (B) What term is commonly used to describe the rapid fluttering sound sometimes heard from mobile stations that are moving while transmitting? A. Flip-flopping B. Picket fencing C. Frequency shifting D. Pulsing ~~ T9B11 (C) Why do VHF and UHF Radio signals usually travel about a third farther than the visual line of sight distance between 2 stations? A. Radio signals move somewhat faster than the speed of light and travel farther in the same amount of time B. Radio waves are not blocked by dust particles C. The Earth seems less curved to radio waves than to light D. Radio waves are blocked by dust particles ~~ T9C – Feedlines types, losses vs. frequency, SWR concepts, measuring SWR, matching and power transfer, weather protection, feedline failure modes – 1 exam question T9C01 (A) What, in general terms, is standing wave ratio (SWR)? A. A measure of how well a load is matched to a transmitter B. The ratio of high to low impedance in a feed line C. The transmitter efficiency ratio D. An indication of the quality of your station ground connection ~~ T9C02 (C) What reading on a SWR meter indicates a perfect impedance match between the antenna and the feed line? A. 2 to 1 B. 1 to 3 C. 1 to 1 D. 10 to 1 ~~ T9C03 (B) What might be indicated by erratic changes in SWR readings? A. The transmitter is being modulated B. A loose connection in your antenna or feedline C. The transmitter is being over modulated D. Interference from other stations is distorting your signal ~~ T9C04 (A) What is the SWR value where the protection circuits in most solidstate transmitters begin to reduce transmitter power? A. 2 to 1 B. 1 to 2 C. 6 to 1 D. 10 to 1 ~~ T9C05 (C) What happens to the power lost in a feed line? A. It increases the SWR B. It comes back into your transmitter and could cause damage C. It is converted into heat by losses in the line D. It can cause distortion of your signal ~~ T9C06 (D) What instrument other than a SWR meter could you use to determine if your feedline and antenna are properly matched? A. Voltmeter B. Ohmmeter C. Iambic pentameter D. Directional wattmeter ~~ T9C07 (A) What is the most common reason for failure of coaxial cables? A. Moisture contamination B. Gamma rays C. End of service life D. Overloading ~~ T9C08 (B) Why is it important to have a low SWR in an antenna system that uses coaxial cable feedline? A. To reduce television interference B. To allow the efficient transfer of power and reduce losses C. To prolong antenna life D. To keep your signal from changing polarization ~~ T9C09 (C) What can happen to older coaxial cables that are exposed to weather and sunlight for several years? A. Nothing, weather and sunlight do not affect coaxial cable B. The cable can shrink and break C. Losses can increase dramatically D. It will short-circuit ~~ T9C10 (D) Why is the outer sheath of most coaxial cables black in color? A. It is the cheapest color to use B. To see nicks and cracks in the cable C. Black cables have less loss D. Black provides protection against ultraviolet damage ~~ T9C11 (B) What is the impedance of the most commonly used coaxial cable in typical amateur radio installations? A. 8 Ohms B. 50 Ohms C. 600 Ohms D. 12 Ohms ~~ T9C12 (A) Why is coaxial cable used more often than any other feed line for amateur radio antenna systems? A. It is easy to use and requires few special installation considerations B. It has less loss than any other type of feedline C. It can handle more power than any other type of feedline D. It is less expensive than any other types of line ~~ SUBELEMENT T0 – Electrical and RF Safety – 3 exam questions – 3 groups T0A – AC power circuits, hazardous voltages, fuses and circuit breakers, grounding, lightning protection, battery safety, electrical code compliance – 1 exam question T0A01 (B) What is a commonly accepted value for the lowest voltage that can cause a dangerous electric shock? A. 12 volts B. 30 volts C. 120 volts D. 300 volts ~~ T0A02 (B) What is the lowest amount of electrical current flowing through the human body that is likely to cause death? A. 10 microamperes B. 100 milliamperes C. 10 amperes D. 100 amperes ~~ T0A03 (C) What is connected to the green wire in a three-wire electrical plug? A. Neutral B. Hot C. Ground D. The white wire ~~ T0A04 (B) What is the purpose of a fuse in an electrical circuit? A. To make sure enough power reaches the circuit B. To interrupt power in case of overload C. To prevent television interference D. To prevent shocks ~~ T0A05 (C) What might happen if you install a 20-ampere fuse in your transceiver in the place of a 5-ampere fuse? A. The larger fuse would better protect your transceiver from using too much current B. The transceiver will run cooler C. Excessive current could cause a fire D. The transceiver would not be able to produce as much RF output ~~ T0A06 (D) What is a good way to guard against electrical shock at your station? A. Use 3-wire cords and plugs for all AC powered equipment B. Connect all AC powered station equipment to a common ground C. Use a ground-fault interrupter at each electrical outlet D. All of these answers are correct ~~ T0A07 (C) What is the most important thing to consider when installing an emergency disconnect switch at your station? A. It must always be as near to the operator as possible B. It must always be as far away from the operator as possible C. Everyone should know where it is and how to use it D. It should be installed in a metal box to prevent tampering ~~ T0A08 (D) What precautions should be taken when a lightning storm is expected? A. Disconnect the antenna cables from your station and move them away from your radio equipment B. Unplug all power cords from AC outlets C. Stop using your radio equipment and move to another room until the storm passes D. All of these answers are correct ~~ T0A09 (C) What is one way to recharge a 12-volt battery if the commercial power is out? A. You cannot recharge a battery unless the power is back on B. Add water to the battery C. Connect the battery to a car's battery and run the engine D. Take your battery to the utility company for a recharge ~~ T0A10 (D) What kind of hazard is presented by a conventional 12-volt storage battery? A. It contains dangerous acid that can spill and cause injury B. Short circuits can damage wiring and possibly cause a fire C. Explosive gas can collect if not properly vented D. All of these answers are correct ~~ T0A11 (A) What can happen if a storage battery is charged or discharged too quickly? A. The battery could overheat and give off dangerous gas or explode B. The terminal voltage will oscillate rapidly C. The warranty will be voided D. The voltage will be reversed ~~ T0A12 (C) What is the most important reason to have a lightning protection system for your amateur radio station? A. Lower insurance rates B. Improved reception C. Fire prevention D. Noise reduction ~~ T0A13 (D) What kind of hazard might exist in a power supply when it is turned off and disconnected? A. Static electricity could damage the grounding system B. Circulating currents inside the transformer might cause damage C. The fuse might blow if you remove the cover D. You might receive an electric shock from stored charge in large capacitors ~~ T0B – Antenna installation, tower safety, overhead power lines – 1 exam question T0B01 (C) Why should you wear a hard hat and safety glasses if you are on the ground helping someone work on an antenna tower? A. It is required by FCC rules B. To keep RF energy away from your head during antenna testing C. To protect your head and eyes in case something accidentally falls from the tower D. It is required by the electrical code ~~ T0B02 (C) What is a good precaution to observe before climbing an antenna tower? A. Turn on all radio transmitters B. Remove all tower grounding connections C. Put on your safety belt and safety glasses D. Inform the FAA and the FCC that you are working on a tower ~~ T0B03 (D) What should you do before you climb a tower? A. Arrange for a helper or observer B. Inspect the tower for damage or loose hardware C. Make sure there are no electrical storms nearby D. All of these answers are correct ~~ T0B04 (B) What is an important consideration when putting up an antenna? A. Carefully tune it for a low SWR B. Make sure people cannot accidentally come into contact with it C. Make sure you discard all packing material in a safe place D. Make sure birds can see it so they don’t fly into it ~~ T0B05 (A) [97.15(A)] What must be considered when erecting an antenna near an airport? A. The maximum allowed height with regard to nearby airports B. The possibility of interference to aircraft radios C. The radiation angle of the signals it produces D. The polarization of signal to be radiated ~~ T0B06 (D) What is the most important safety precaution to observe when putting up an antenna tower? A. Install steps on the tower for safe climbing B. Insulate the base of the tower to avoid lightning strikes C. Ground the base of the tower to prevent lightning strikes D. Look for and stay clear of any overhead electrical wires ~~ T0B07 (D) How should the guy wires for an antenna tower be installed? A. So each guy wire anchor point has an even number of wires B. So that no guy wire is more than 25 feet long C. Each guy wire must be pulled as tight as possible D. In accordance with the tower manufacturer's instructions ~~ T0B08 (D) What is a safe distance from a power line to allow when installing an antenna? A. Half the width of your property unless the wires are at least 23 feet high B. 12.5 feet in most metropolitan areas C. 36 meters plus 1/2 wavelength at the operating frequency D. So that if the antenna falls unexpectedly, no part of it can come closer than 10 feet to the power wires ~~ T0B09 (D) What is the most important safety rule to remember when using a crank-up tower? A. This type of tower must never be painted B. Crank up towers must be raised and lowered frequently to keep them properly lubricated C. Winch cables must be specially rated for use on this type of tower D. A crank-up tower should never be climbed unless it is in the fully lowered position ~~ T0B10 (C) Why is stainless steel hardware used on many antennas instead of other metals? A. Stainless steel is a better electrical conductor B. Stainless steel weighs less than other metals C. Stainless steel parts are much less likely to corrode D. Stainless steel costs less than other metals ~~ T0B11 (C) What is considered to be an adequate ground for a tower? A. A single 4 foot ground rod, driven into the earth no more than 12 inches from the base B. A screen of 120 radial wires C. Separate 8 foot long ground rods for each tower leg, bonded to the tower and each other D. A connection between the tower base and a cold water pipe ~~ T0C - RF hazards, radiation exposure, RF heating hazards, proximity to antennas, recognized safe power levels, hand held safety, exposure to others - 1 exam question T0C01 (D) What type of radiation are VHF and UHF radio signals? A. Gamma radiation B. Ionizing radiation C. Alpha radiation D. Non-ionizing radiation ~~ T0C02 (B) When can radio waves cause injury to the human body? A. Only when the frequency is below 30 MHz B. Only if the combination of signal strength and frequency cause excessive power to be absorbed C. Only when the frequency is greater than 30 MHz D. Only when transmitter power exceeds 50 watts ~~ T0C03 (C) [97.13(C)(1)] What is the maximum power level that an amateur radio station may use at frequencies above 30 MHz before an RF exposure evaluation is required? A. 1500 watts PEP transmitter output B. 1 watt forward power C. 50 watts PEP at the antenna D. 50 watts PEP reflected power ~~ T0C04 (D) What factors affect the RF exposure of people near an amateur transmitter? A. Frequency and power level of the RF field B. Distance from the antenna to a person C. Radiation pattern of the antenna D. All of these answers are correct ~~ T0C05 (D) Why must the frequency of an RF source be considered when evaluating RF radiation exposure? A. Lower frequency RF fields have more energy than higher frequency fields B. Lower frequency RF fields do not penetrate the human body C. Higher frequency RF fields are transient in nature and do not affect the human body D. The human body absorbs more RF energy at some frequencies than others ~~ T0C06 (D) [97.13(c)(1)] How can you determine that your station complies with FCC RF exposure regulations? A. By calculation based on FCC OET Bulletin 65 B. By calculation based on computer modeling C. By measurement of field strength using calibrated equipment D. All of these choices are correct ~~ T0C07 (B) What could happen if a person accidentally touched your antenna while you were transmitting? A. Touching the antenna could cause television interference B. They might receive a painful RF burn injury C. They would be able to hear what you are saying D. Nothing ~~ T0C08 (D) What action might amateur operators take to prevent exposure to RF radiation in excess of FCC supplied limits? A. Alter antenna patterns B. Relocate antennas C. Change station parameters such as frequency or power D. All of these answers are correct ~~ T0C09 (B) How can you make sure your station stays in compliance with RF safety regulations? A. Compliance is not necessary B. By re-evaluating the station whenever an item of equipment is changed C. By making sure your antennas have a low SWR D. By installing a low pass filter ~~ T0C10 (A) Which of the following units of measurement is used to measure RF radiation exposure? A. Milliwatts per square centimeter B. Megohms per square meter C. Microfarads per foot D. Megahertz per second ~~ T0C11 (A) Why is duty cycle one of the factors used to determine safe RF radiation exposure levels? A. It takes into account the amount of time the transmitter is operating B. It takes into account the transmitter power supply rating C. It takes into account the antenna feed line loss D. It takes into account the thermal effects of the final amplifier ~~